鉍的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鉍(原子量:208.98040(1))的同位素,沒有一個是穩定的,但是有一個天然放射性同位素209
Bi
,其半衰期長達2.01×1019年,基本可當作是穩定同位素。鉍其它最穩定的同位素有210mBi(半衰期304萬年)、208Bi(半衰期36.8萬年)、207Bi(半衰期31.22年),但它們都是人造同位素。鉍最穩定的天然放射性同位素是210Bi,半衰期5.012天。
圖表[編輯]
符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[2][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | ||||||||||
184Bi | 83 | 101 | 184.00112(14)# | 6.6(15) ms | 3+# | |||||
184mBi | 150(100)# keV | 13(2) ms | 10−# | |||||||
185Bi | 83 | 102 | 184.99763(6)# | 2# ms | p | 184Pb | 9/2−# | |||
α (不常見) | 181Tl | |||||||||
185mBi | 70(50)# keV | 49(7) µs | α | 181Tl | 1/2+ | |||||
p | 184Pb | |||||||||
186Bi | 83 | 103 | 185.99660(8) | 14.8(7) ms | α | 182Tl | (3+) | |||
β+ (不常見) | 186Pb | |||||||||
186mBi | 270(140)# keV | 9.8(4) ms | α | 182Tl | (10−) | |||||
β+ | 186Pb | |||||||||
187Bi | 83 | 104 | 186.993158(16) | 32(3) ms | α (50%) | 183Tl | 9/2−# | |||
β+ (50%) | 187Pb | |||||||||
187m1Bi | 101(20) keV | 320(70) µs | 1/2+# | |||||||
187m2Bi | 252(1) keV | 7(5) µs | (13/2+) | |||||||
188Bi | 83 | 105 | 187.99227(5) | 44(3) ms | α | 184Tl | 3+# | |||
β+ (不常見) | 188Pb | |||||||||
188mBi | 210(140)# keV | 220(40) ms | α | 184Tl | (10−) | |||||
β+ (不常見) | 188Pb | |||||||||
189Bi | 83 | 106 | 188.98920(6) | 674(11) ms | α (51%) | 185Tl | (9/2−) | |||
β+ (49%) | 189Pb | |||||||||
189m1Bi | 181(6) keV | 5.0(1) ms | (1/2+) | |||||||
189m2Bi | 357(1) keV | 880(50) ns | (13/2+) | |||||||
190Bi | 83 | 107 | 189.9883(2) | 6.3(1) s | α (77%) | 186Tl | (3+) | |||
β+ (30%) | 190Pb | |||||||||
190m1Bi | 420(180) keV | 6.2(1) s | α (70%) | 186Tl | (10−) | |||||
β+ (23%) | 190Pb | |||||||||
190m2Bi | 690(180) keV | >500(100) ns | 7+# | |||||||
191Bi | 83 | 108 | 190.985786(8) | 12.3(3) s | α (60%) | 187Tl | (9/2−) | |||
β+ (40%) | 191Pb | |||||||||
191mBi | 240(4) keV | 124(5) ms | α (75%) | 187Tl | (1/2+) | |||||
β+ (25%) | 191Pb | |||||||||
192Bi | 83 | 109 | 191.98546(4) | 34.6(9) s | β+ (82%) | 192Pb | (3+) | |||
α (18%) | 188Tl | |||||||||
192mBi | 150(30) keV | 39.6(4) s | β+ (90.8%) | 192Pb | (10−) | |||||
α (9.2%) | 188Tl | |||||||||
193Bi | 83 | 110 | 192.98296(1) | 67(3) s | β+ (95%) | 193Pb | (9/2−) | |||
α (5%) | 189Tl | |||||||||
193mBi | 308(7) keV | 3.2(6) s | α (90%) | 189Tl | (1/2+) | |||||
β+ (10%) | 193Pb | |||||||||
194Bi | 83 | 111 | 193.98283(5) | 95(3) s | β+ (99.54%) | 194Pb | (3+) | |||
α (.46%) | 190Tl | |||||||||
194m1Bi | 110(70) keV | 125(2) s | β+ | 194Pb | (6+,7+) | |||||
α (不常見) | 190Tl | |||||||||
194m2Bi | 230(90)# keV | 115(4) s | (10−) | |||||||
195Bi | 83 | 112 | 194.980651(6) | 183(4) s | β+ (99.97%) | 195Pb | (9/2−) | |||
α (.03%) | 191Tl | |||||||||
195m1Bi | 399(6) keV | 87(1) s | β+ (67%) | 195Pb | (1/2+) | |||||
α (33%) | 191Tl | |||||||||
195m2Bi | 2311.4+X keV | 750(50) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
196Bi | 83 | 113 | 195.980667(26) | 5.1(2) min | β+ (99.99%) | 196Pb | (3+) | |||
α (.00115%) | 192Tl | |||||||||
196m1Bi | 166.6(30) keV | 0.6(5) s | IT | 196Bi | (7+) | |||||
β+ | 196Pb | |||||||||
196m2Bi | 270(3) keV | 4.00(5) min | (10−) | |||||||
197Bi | 83 | 114 | 196.978864(9) | 9.33(50) min | β+ (99.99%) | 197Pb | (9/2−) | |||
α (10−4%) | 193Tl | |||||||||
197m1Bi | 690(110) keV | 5.04(16) min | α (55%) | 193Tl | (1/2+) | |||||
β+ (45%) | 197Pb | |||||||||
IT (.3%) | 197Bi | |||||||||
197m2Bi | 2129.3(4) keV | 204(18) ns | (23/2−) | |||||||
197m3Bi | 2360.4(5)+X keV | 263(13) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
197m4Bi | 2383.1(7)+X keV | 253(39) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
197m5Bi | 2929.5(5) keV | 209(30) ns | (31/2−) | |||||||
198Bi | 83 | 115 | 197.97921(3) | 10.3(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (2+,3+) | |||
198m1Bi | 280(40) keV | 11.6(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (7+) | |||||
198m2Bi | 530(40) keV | 7.7(5) s | 10− | |||||||
199Bi | 83 | 116 | 198.977672(13) | 27(1) min | β+ | 199Pb | 9/2− | |||
199m1Bi | 667(4) keV | 24.70(15) min | β+ (98%) | 199Pb | (1/2+) | |||||
IT (2%) | 199Bi | |||||||||
α (.01%) | 195Tl | |||||||||
199m2Bi | 1947(25) keV | 0.10(3) µs | (25/2+) | |||||||
199m3Bi | ~2547.0 keV | 168(13) ns | 29/2− | |||||||
200Bi | 83 | 117 | 199.978132(26) | 36.4(5) min | β+ | 200Pb | 7+ | |||
200m1Bi | 100(70)# keV | 31(2) min | ε (90%) | 200Pb | (2+) | |||||
IT (10%) | 200Bi | |||||||||
200m2Bi | 428.20(10) keV | 400(50) ms | (10−) | |||||||
201Bi | 83 | 118 | 200.977009(16) | 108(3) min | β+ (99.99%) | 201Pb | 9/2− | |||
α (10−4%) | 197Tl | |||||||||
201m1Bi | 846.34(21) keV | 59.1(6) min | ε (92.9%) | 201Pb | 1/2+ | |||||
IT (6.8%) | 201Bi | |||||||||
α (.3%) | 197Tl | |||||||||
201m2Bi | 1932.2+X keV | 118(28) ns | (25/2+) | |||||||
201m3Bi | 1971.2+X keV | 105(75) ns | (27/2+) | |||||||
201m4Bi | 2739.90(20)+X keV | 124(4) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
202Bi | 83 | 119 | 201.977742(22) | 1.72(5) h | β+ | 202Pb | 5(+#) | |||
α (10−5%) | 198Tl | |||||||||
202m1Bi | 615(7) keV | 3.04(6) µs | (10#)− | |||||||
202m2Bi | 2607.1(5) keV | 310(50) ns | (17+) | |||||||
203Bi | 83 | 120 | 202.976876(23) | 11.76(5) h | β+ | 203Pb | 9/2− | |||
α (10−5%) | 199Tl | |||||||||
203m1Bi | 1098.14(7) keV | 303(5) ms | IT | 203Bi | 1/2+ | |||||
203m2Bi | 2041.5(6) keV | 194(30) ns | 25/2+ | |||||||
204Bi | 83 | 121 | 203.977813(28) | 11.22(10) h | β+ | 204Pb | 6+ | |||
204m1Bi | 805.5(3) keV | 13.0(1) ms | IT | 204Bi | 10− | |||||
204m2Bi | 2833.4(11) keV | 1.07(3) ms | (17+) | |||||||
205Bi | 83 | 122 | 204.977389(8) | 15.31(4) d | β+ | 205Pb | 9/2− | |||
206Bi | 83 | 123 | 205.978499(8) | 6.243(3) d | β+ | 206Pb | 6(+) | |||
206m1Bi | 59.897(17) keV | 7.7(2) µs | (4+) | |||||||
206m2Bi | 1044.8(5) keV | 890(10) µs | (10−) | |||||||
207Bi | 83 | 124 | 206.9784707(26) | 32.9(14) y | β+ | 207Pb | 9/2− | |||
207mBi | 2101.49(16) keV | 182(6) µs | 21/2+ | |||||||
208Bi | 83 | 125 | 207.9797422(25) | 3.68(4)×105 y | β+ | 208Pb | (5)+ | |||
208mBi | 1571.1(4) keV | 2.58(4) ms | IT | 208Bi | (10)− | |||||
209Bi[n 4][n 5] | 83 | 126 | 208.9803987(16) | 1.9(2)×1019 y[n 6] | α | 205Tl | 9/2− | 1.0000 | ||
210Bi | Radium E | 83 | 127 | 209.9841204(16) | 5.012(5) d | β− | 210Po | 1− | 痕量[n 7] | |
α (1.32×10−4%) | 206Tl | |||||||||
210mBi | 271.31(11) keV | 3.04(6)×106 y | α | 206Tl | 9− | |||||
211Bi | Actinium C | 83 | 128 | 210.987269(6) | 2.14(2) min | α (99.72%) | 207Tl | 9/2− | 痕量[n 8] | |
β− (.276%) | 211Po | |||||||||
211mBi | 1257(10) keV | 1.4(3) µs | (25/2−) | |||||||
212Bi | Thorium C | 83 | 129 | 211.9912857(21) | 60.55(6) min | β− (64.05%) | 212Po | 1(−) | 痕量[n 9] | |
α (35.94%) | 208Tl | |||||||||
β−, α (.014%) | 208Pb | |||||||||
212m1Bi | 250(30) keV | 25.0(2) min | α (67%) | 208Tl | (9−) | |||||
β− (33%) | 212mPo | |||||||||
β−, α (.3%) | 208Pb | |||||||||
212m2Bi | 2200(200)# keV | 7.0(3) min | >15 | |||||||
213Bi[n 10] | 83 | 130 | 212.994385(5) | 45.59(6) min | β− (97.91%) | 213Po | 9/2− | |||
α (2.09%) | 209Tl | |||||||||
214Bi | Radium C | 83 | 131 | 213.998712(12) | 19.9(4) min | β− (99.97%) | 214Po | 1− | 痕量[n 7] | |
α (.021%) | 210Tl | |||||||||
β−, α (.003%) | 210Pb | |||||||||
215Bi | 83 | 132 | 215.001770(16) | 7.6(2) min | β− | 215Po | (9/2−) | 痕量[n 8] | ||
215mBi | 1347.5(25) keV | 36.4(25) min | (25/2−) | |||||||
216Bi | 83 | 133 | 216.006306(12) | 2.17(5) min | β− | 216Po | 1−# | |||
217Bi | 83 | 134 | 217.009372(19) | 98.5(8) s | β− | 217Po | 9/2−# | |||
217mBi | 1480(40) keV | 2.70(6) μs | IT | 217Bi | 25/2−# | |||||
218Bi | 83 | 135 | 218.014188(29) | 33(1) s | β− | 218Po | (6-, 7-, 8-) | |||
219Bi | 83 | 136 | 219.017480(210)# | 8.7(29) s | β− | 219Po | 9/2-# | |||
220Bi | 83 | 137 | 220.022350(320)# | 9.5(57) s | β− | 220Po | 1-# |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鉛的同位素 | 鉍的同位素 | 釙的同位素 |
註釋[編輯]
- ^ 半衰期超過宇宙年齡(幾乎穩定)的同位素以粗體顯示
- ^ 縮寫:
EC:電子捕獲
IT:核異構轉變 - ^ 穩定同位素以粗體顯示
- ^ 以前被認為是鎿衰變鏈的最終衰變產物
- ^ 原生放射性同位素
- ^ 以前被認為是最重的穩定核素
- ^ 7.0 7.1 238U的衰變產物
- ^ 8.0 8.1 235U的衰變產物
- ^ 232Th的衰變產物
- ^ 用於核醫學
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英語).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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