碲的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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碲(原子量:127.60(3))有39種同位素與17種同核異構體,原子量介於104至142。其中,有八種同位素(120Te、122Te、123Te、124Te、125Te、126Te、128Te、130Te)存在於自然界。128Te和130Te有放射性,但半衰期都極長,分別為2.25×1024年和7.91×1020年。[3]碲最長壽的人造同位素則是半衰期19.31天的121Te,但諸如121mTe(半衰期164.7天)的同核異構體有更長的半衰期。
放射性同位素128Te和130Te是碲最常見的兩種同位素。碲與銦、錸一樣都是放射性同位素的豐度比穩定同位素的豐度大的例子。
有團隊報告稱已發現123Te的電子捕獲,但他們之後的測量結果否認了這點。[4]123Te的半衰期至少為9.2×1016年。[4]
圖表[編輯]
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰變 方式[5][n 1] |
衰變 產物[n 2] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
104Te[6] | 52 | 52 | <18 ns | α | 100Sn | 0+ | |||
105Te | 52 | 53 | 104.94364(54)# | 620(70) ns | α | 101Sn | 5/2+# | ||
106Te | 52 | 54 | 105.93750(14) | 70(20) µs [70(+20-10) µs] |
α | 102Sn | 0+ | ||
107Te | 52 | 55 | 106.93501(32)# | 3.1(1) ms | α (70%) | 103Sn | 5/2+# | ||
β+ (30%) | 107Sb | ||||||||
108Te | 52 | 56 | 107.92944(11) | 2.1(1) s | β+ (51%) | 108Sb | 0+ | ||
α (49%) | 104Sn | ||||||||
β+, p (2.4%) | 107Sn | ||||||||
β+, α (.065%) | 104In | ||||||||
109Te | 52 | 57 | 108.92742(7) | 4.6(3) s | β+ (86.99%) | 109Sb | (5/2+) | ||
β+, p (9.4%) | 108Sn | ||||||||
α (7.9%) | 105Sn | ||||||||
β+, α (.005%) | 105In | ||||||||
110Te | 52 | 58 | 109.92241(6) | 18.6(8) s | β+ (99.99%) | 110Sb | 0+ | ||
β+, p (.003%) | 109Sn | ||||||||
111Te | 52 | 59 | 110.92111(8) | 19.3(4) s | β+ | 111Sb | (5/2)+# | ||
β+, p (不常見) | 110Sn | ||||||||
112Te | 52 | 60 | 111.91701(18) | 2.0(2) min | β+ | 112Sb | 0+ | ||
113Te | 52 | 61 | 112.91589(3) | 1.7(2) min | β+ | 113Sb | (7/2+) | ||
114Te | 52 | 62 | 113.91209(3) | 15.2(7) min | β+ | 114Sb | 0+ | ||
115Te | 52 | 63 | 114.91190(3) | 5.8(2) min | β+ | 115Sb | 7/2+ | ||
115m1Te | 10(7) keV | 6.7(4) min | β+ | 115Sb | (1/2)+ | ||||
IT | 115Te | ||||||||
115m2Te | 280.05(20) keV | 7.5(2) µs | 11/2- | ||||||
116Te | 52 | 64 | 115.90846(3) | 2.49(4) h | β+ | 116Sb | 0+ | ||
117Te | 52 | 65 | 116.908645(14) | 62(2) min | β+ | 117Sb | 1/2+ | ||
117mTe | 296.1(5) keV | 103(3) ms | IT | 117Te | (11/2-) | ||||
118Te | 52 | 66 | 117.905828(16) | 6.00(2) d | ε | 118Sb | 0+ | ||
119Te | 52 | 67 | 118.906404(9) | 16.05(5) h | β+ | 119Sb | 1/2+ | ||
119mTe | 260.96(5) keV | 4.70(4) d | β+ (99.99%) | 119Sb | 11/2- | ||||
IT (.008%) | 119Te | ||||||||
120Te | 52 | 68 | 119.90402(1) | 觀測上穩定[n 3] | 0+ | 9(1)×10−4 | |||
121Te | 52 | 69 | 120.904936(28) | 19.16(5) d | β+ | 121Sb | 1/2+ | ||
121mTe | 293.991(22) keV | 154(7) d | IT (88.6%) | 121Te | 11/2- | ||||
β+ (11.4%) | 121Sb | ||||||||
122Te | 52 | 70 | 121.9030439(16) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.0255(12) | |||
123Te | 52 | 71 | 122.9042700(16) | 觀測上穩定[n 4] | 1/2+ | 0.0089(3) | |||
123mTe | 247.47(4) keV | 119.2(1) d | IT | 123Te | 11/2- | ||||
124Te | 52 | 72 | 123.9028179(16) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.0474(14) | |||
125Te[n 5] | 52 | 73 | 124.9044307(16) | 穩定 | 1/2+ | 0.0707(15) | |||
125mTe | 144.772(9) keV | 57.40(15) d | IT | 125Te | 11/2- | ||||
126Te | 52 | 74 | 125.9033117(16) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.1884(25) | |||
127Te[n 5] | 52 | 75 | 126.9052263(16) | 9.35(7) h | β− | 127I | 3/2+ | ||
127mTe | 88.26(8) keV | 109(2) d | IT (97.6%) | 127Te | 11/2- | ||||
β− (2.4%) | 127I | ||||||||
128Te[n 5][n 6] | 52 | 76 | 127.9044631(19) | 2.2(3)×1024 a[n 7] | β−β− | 128Xe | 0+ | 0.3174(8) | |
128mTe | 2790.7(4) keV | 370(30) ns | 10+ | ||||||
129Te[n 5] | 52 | 77 | 128.9065982(19) | 69.6(3) min | β− | 129I | 3/2+ | ||
129mTe | 105.50(5) keV | 33.6(1) d | 11/2- | ||||||
130Te[n 5][n 6] | 52 | 78 | 129.9062244(21) | 790(100)×1018 a | β−β− | 130Xe | 0+ | 0.3408(62) | |
130m1Te | 2146.41(4) keV | 115(8) ns | (7)- | ||||||
130m2Te | 2661(7) keV | 1.90(8) µs | (10+) | ||||||
130m3Te | 4375.4(18) keV | 261(33) ns | |||||||
131Te[n 5] | 52 | 79 | 130.9085239(21) | 25.0(1) min | β− | 131I | 3/2+ | ||
131mTe | 182.250(20) keV | 30(2) h | β− (77.8%) | 131I | 11/2- | ||||
IT (22.2%) | 131Te | ||||||||
132Te[n 5] | 52 | 80 | 131.908553(7) | 3.204(13) d | β− | 132I | 0+ | ||
133Te | 52 | 81 | 132.910955(26) | 12.5(3) min | β− | 133I | (3/2+) | ||
133mTe | 334.26(4) keV | 55.4(4) min | β− (82.5%) | 133I | (11/2-) | ||||
IT (17.5%) | 133Te | ||||||||
134Te | 52 | 82 | 133.911369(11) | 41.8(8) min | β− | 134I | 0+ | ||
134mTe | 1691.34(16) keV | 164.1(9) ns | 6+ | ||||||
135Te[n 8] | 52 | 83 | 134.91645(10) | 19.0(2) s | β− | 135I | (7/2-) | ||
135mTe | 1554.88(17) keV | 510(20) ns | (19/2-) | ||||||
136Te | 52 | 84 | 135.92010(5) | 17.63(8) s | β− (98.7%) | 136I | 0+ | ||
β−, n (1.3%) | 135I | ||||||||
137Te | 52 | 85 | 136.92532(13) | 2.49(5) s | β− (97.01%) | 137I | 3/2-# | ||
β−, n (2.99%) | 136I | ||||||||
138Te | 52 | 86 | 137.92922(22)# | 1.4(4) s | β− (93.7%) | 138I | 0+ | ||
β−, n (6.3%) | 137I | ||||||||
139Te | 52 | 87 | 138.93473(43)# | 500 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 139I | 5/2-# | ||
β−, n | 138I | ||||||||
140Te | 52 | 88 | 139.93885(32)# | 300 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 140I | 0+ | ||
β−, n | 139I | ||||||||
141Te | 52 | 89 | 140.94465(43)# | 100 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 141I | 5/2-# | ||
β−, n | 140I | ||||||||
142Te | 52 | 90 | 141.94908(64)# | 50 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 142I | 0+ |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
銻的同位素 | 碲的同位素 | 碘的同位素 |
註釋[編輯]
- ^ 縮寫的涵義:
ε: 電子俘獲
IT: 核異構轉變
β+:正電子發射
β−:貝他衰變 - ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 120Sn with a half-life over 2.2×1016 years
- ^ Believed to undergo β+ decay to 123Sb with a half-life over 9.2×1016 years
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Fission product
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Primordial radionuclide
- ^ Longest measured half-life of any nuclide
- ^ Very short-lived fission product, responsible for the iodine pit as precursor of 135Xe via 135I
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Adams, D. Q.; et al. Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Half-Life of 130Te with CUORE. Physical Review Letters. 2021-04-27, 126 (17). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171801.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 A. Alessandrello; et al. New Limits on Naturally Occurring Electron Capture of 123Te. Physical Review C. January 2003, 67 (1): 014323. Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A. S2CID 119523039. arXiv:hep-ex/0211015 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-18]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
- ^ Auranen, K.; et al. Superallowed α decay to doubly magic 100Sn (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2018, 121 (18): 182501 [2021-05-22]. Bibcode:2018PhRvL.121r2501A. PMID 30444390. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501 . (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-03).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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