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上座 (佛教)

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上座梵语Sthavira巴利语Thera),又译为悉他薜攞住位苾蒭,佛教术语,又称长老,为出家僧团中,对较为资深的成员的敬称。

定义

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佛教僧团中,不问年龄、种姓、与地位,以先出家受具足戒者为上座(Sthavira),后出家者应对他们表示尊敬[1]。在后世,受具足戒十年以上的僧侣,才能称为上座。

在僧团中,也使用一些敬称,如大德(bhadanta),尊者(ārya)等来称呼上座。

汉传佛教

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在汉传佛教中,上座是一个荣誉职位,列为寺院的三纲之一。

上座部佛教

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上座部佛教的名称"Theravāda"的字面意思是“上座之学派”[2]上座部与上座部佛教不应被混为一谈[3]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 摩诃僧祇律》中说:“先出家(受具)者,应受礼、起迎、合掌、低头、恭敬。先出家者,应作上座:应先受请、先坐、先取水、先受食”
  2. ^ Theravada. Scholarly Community Encyclopedia. [2025-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2025-07-16) –通过HandWiki (英语). 
  3. ^ Buddhahood. E-Learning Programs. [2025-11-03]. Koya Matsuo TA: … Here's an explanation of one Theravadin scholar who agrees with making that distinction: "The term sthavira (meaning ‘elder’) is the Sanskrit version of the term better known today in its Pali version thera, as in Theravāda, the ‘Teaching of the Elders’. The original Sthaviras, however, are by no means identical with the modern school called Theravāda. Rather, the Sthaviras are the ancestor of a group of related schools, one of which is the Theravāda."(p. 4 Why Devadatta Was No Saint, Bhikkhu Sujato)