按勞分配
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| 系列条目 |
| 马克思主义 |
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按勞分配（英文：To each according to his contribution）或按勞取酬[1]是社會主義社會的一种标志性特征。
社會主義者認為，資本主義社會由於生產資料由少數人佔有，普通工人被剝削，故少数人可以在不做出贡献的情况下获得报酬，報酬並不和贡献成正比。[2]在按劳分配的经济体制中，工资和收入的主要决定因素是个人对整个社会经济做出的贡献，取决于劳动数量和质量，包括工作时间、工作难度、技术水平和工作效率等。[3]理论上，这种分配方式能够激励劳动者努力工作，提高生产效率，从而推动社会经济的发展。[4]
这个概念构成了前马克思主义支持者对社会主义的基本定义，其中包括李嘉图社会主义者、古典经济学家、集体无政府主义者和个人无政府主义者。马克思也采用这种概念，认为采用按劳分配的社会主义是未到達物質生產力極大化的共產社會之間的社會狀態，共产社会相对应的原则是按需分配。[4]
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 存档副本. [2016-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-12）.
- ^ O'Hara, Phillip. Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. September 2003: 1135. ISBN 0-415-24187-1.
Property income is, by definition, received by virtue of owning property. Rent is received from the ownership of land or natural resources; interest is received by virtue of owning financial assets; and profit is received from the ownership of production capital. Property income is not received in return for any productive activity performed by its recipients.
- ^ Gregory and Stuart, Paul and Robert. Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First. South-Western College Pub. 2003: 118. ISBN 0-618-26181-8.
Under socialism, each individual would be expected to contribute according to capability, and rewards would be distributed in proportion to that contribution. Subsequently, under communism, the basis of reward would be need.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 马克思：哥达纲领批判（写于1875年4－5月）. www.marxists.org. [2024-09-03]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-22）.