無我

無我（梵語：अनात्मन्，Anātman，巴利語：anattā），佛教術語，指對於我的否定，為佛教根本思想之一。這個名詞有二方面的意思，一方面，它可以解釋為，沒有我，我不存在，大乘佛教又稱我空；另一方面，則可解釋為，這不是我，也稱為非我（Nirātman）。這兩種含義間的爭論，成為佛教各宗派間的重要課題。 ^[1]^[2]

否定世界上有物质性的实在自体（即所谓“我”）的存在，有两类：

人无我，是说人身不外是色（形质）、受（感觉）、想（观念）、行（行动）、识（意识）五类，即五蕴结合而成，没有常恒自在的主体。
法无我，大乘佛教还认为色、受等五类都由种种因缘和合而生，不断变迁，也无常恒坚实的自体。

无我可以简称我既不存在，可我也在。以字面分析——无乃是一切都是空，既没有的意思以字面分析——我乃是自身也代表自己综合性分析——无我，也许有，也许没有，为何有无我，为何出现无我，为何没有无我，为何出现无我。

類似的說法

德謨克利特所主張的原子說，在古希臘時代，認為萬物皆由原子組成，而世界是冰冷的，並無東西聯繫。

理察·道金斯所出版的《自私的基因》說明基因是自私的行為，而有機物皆由基因構成，所有的感覺都是由基因為了存活所顯示的感覺，不論恐懼、愛情、傷心，各種情緒，而人本是無我，就如同萬物本身就不存在一樣，這點與悉達多所主張的並無異。

参考文献

^ Anatta Buddhism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013)
^ [a] Christmas Humphreys. Exploring Buddhism. Routledge. 2012: 42–43. ISBN 978-1-136-22877-3.
[b] Brian Morris. Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 51. ISBN 978-0-521-85241-8. , Quote: "...anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps—the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering."
[c] Richard Gombrich. Theravada Buddhism. Routledge. 2006: 47. ISBN 978-1-134-90352-8. , Quote: "...Buddha's teaching that beings have no soul, no abiding essence. This 'no-soul doctrine' (anatta-vada) he expounded in his second sermon."

外部連結

Nirvana Sutra （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Kosho Yamamoto's English translation of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra

[britannicaanatta-1] Anatta Buddhism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013)

[2] [a] Christmas Humphreys. Exploring Buddhism. Routledge. 2012: 42–43. ISBN 978-1-136-22877-3.
[b] Brian Morris. Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 51. ISBN 978-0-521-85241-8. , Quote: "...anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps—the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering."
[c] Richard Gombrich. Theravada Buddhism. Routledge. 2006: 47. ISBN 978-1-134-90352-8. , Quote: "...Buddha's teaching that beings have no soul, no abiding essence. This 'no-soul doctrine' (anatta-vada) he expounded in his second sermon."

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