超材料

铜质开环谐振器构成的负折射率超材料。铜箔附着于玻璃纤维电路板上。整个阵列包括20*20个元件，总体积为10×100×100 mm。 ^[1]^[2]

超材料指的是一类具有特殊性质的人造材料，这些材料是自然界没有的。它们拥有一些特别的性质，比如让光、电磁波改变它们的通常性质，而这样的效果是传统材料无法实现的。超材料的成分上没有什么特别之处，它们的奇特性质源于其精密的几何结构以及尺寸大小。其中的微结构，大小尺度小于它作用的波长，因此得以对波施加影响^[3]^[4]^[5]。对于超材料的初步研究是负折射率超材料^[6]^[7]^[8]

超材料的奇异性质使它具有广泛的应用前景，从高接收率天线，雷达反射罩甚至是地震预警。^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

超材料是一个跨学科的课题，囊括电子工程，凝聚态物理，微波，光电子学、经典光学、材料科学、半导体科学以及纳米科技等等^[4]。

电磁超材料 [编辑]

负折射率超材料 [编辑]

超材料的分类 [编辑]

历史 [编辑]

超材料是在二战后和微波工程中的人造介质一同发展起来的，但是其萌芽可追溯到19世纪末期人们对控制电磁波的渴望。

应用 [编辑]

太赫兹领域 [编辑]

光量子领域 [编辑]

折射率调节 [编辑]

天线 [编辑]

非线性材料 [编辑]

超透镜 [编辑]

地震测量 [编辑]

参见 [编辑]

Magnonics

Academic journals

Metamaterials (journal)

Metamaterials books

参考 [编辑]

^ Shelby, R. A.; Smith D.R.; Shultz S.; Nemat-Nasser S.C. Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial. Applied Physics Letters. 2001, 78 (4): 489. Bibcode:2001ApPhL..78..489S. doi:10.1063/1.1343489. ^{[失效連結]}
^ Smith, D. R.; Padilla, WJ; Vier, DC; Nemat-Nasser, SC; Schultz, S. Composite Medium with Simultaneously Negative Permeability and Permittivity. Physical Review Letters. 2000, 84 (18): 4184–7. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..84.4184S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184. PMID 10990641.
^ Engheta, Nader; Richard W. Ziolkowski. Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations. Wiley & Sons. 2006-06: xv, 3–30, 37, 143–150, 215–234, 240–256. ISBN 978-0-471-76102-0.
^ 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为metamaterialplasmonics1的引用提供文字
^ Smith, David R.. What are Electromagnetic Metamaterials?. Novel Electromagnetic Materials. The research group of D.R. Smith. 2006-06-10 [2009-08-19].
^ Shelby, R. A.; Smith, DR; Schultz, S; Smith D.R; Shultz S. Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction. Science. 2001, 292 (5514): 77 |pages=或|at=多余 (帮助). Bibcode:2001Sci...292...77S. doi:10.1126/science.1058847. PMID 11292865. |last1=和|last=只需其一 (帮助); |first1=和|first=只需其一 (帮助)
^ Pendry, John B.. Negative Refraction. Contemporary Physics (Princeton University Press). 2004, 45 (3): 191–202 [2009-08-26]. Bibcode:2004ConPh..45..191P. doi:10.1080/00107510410001667434. ISBN 0-691-12347-0.
^ Veselago, V. G. The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of [permittivity] and [permeability]. Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 1968, 10 (4): 509–514. Bibcode:1968SvPhU..10..509V. doi:10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003699.
^ 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为control_elastic_waves的引用提供文字
^ Smith, David R; Research group. Novel Electromagnetic Materials program. 2005-01-16 [2009-08-17].
^ Rainsford, Tamath J.; Samuel P. Mickan, and D. Abbott. T-ray sensing applications: review of global developments. Proc. SPIE (Conference Location: Sydney, Australia 2004-12-13: The International Society for Optical Engineering). 9 March 2005,. 5649 Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II (Poster session): 826 |pages=或|at=多余 (帮助). doi:10.1117/12.607746.
^ Cotton, Micheal G. Applied Electromagnetics. 2003 Technical Progress Report (NITA – ITS) (Boulder, CO, USA: NITA – Institute for Telecommunication Sciences). 2003-12,. Telecommunications Theory (3): 4–5 [2009-09-14].
^ 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为radiation-properties的引用提供文字

外部链接 [编辑]

Educational pages on metamaterials:

Nanophotonics group. Prof. Min Qiu. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). Sweden.
ETA research group. Prof. Christophe Caloz. Polytechnique Montréal.
Metamaterials. Electromagnetics Group. George Eleftheriades. University of Toronto.
The Engheta Group. Nader Engheta. University of Pennsylvania.
Electromagnetic Metamaterials. Fraunhofer FHR. Germany.
Antennas Research Group. Prof. Yang Hao. University of London.
Inano Group. Prof. M. Saif Islam. UC Davis.
Mediums with Negative Phase Velocity. Prof. Akhlesh Lakhtakia. Penn State University.
Condensed Matter Theory Group. Sir John Pendry. Imperial College. London.
Computational Nano Materials Group Viktor Podolskiy (Assoc. Prof.). UMass Lowell.
Shvets Research Group, University of Texas at Austin – US
David Smith's research group — Duke University — US
Costas Soukoulis at IESL, Greece — Photonic, Phononic & MetaMaterials Group
Srinivas Sridhar's Group Northeastern University
Irina Veretennicoff's research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel — Belgium
Christophe Craeye's research group – Belgium
Martin Wegener's Metamaterials group Universität Karlsruhe (TH) — Germany
Georgios Zouganelis's Metamaterials Group – NIT — Japan]
Xiang Zhang's group – UC Berkeley – US
Sergei Tretyakov's group – Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
Gengkai Hu's group – Beijing Institute of Technology, (PRC)
Institute of Applied Phyisical Problems – BSU – Belarus]
Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southhampton

Internet portals:

Scholar Google profile on metamaterials
MetaMaterials.net Web Group
Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University
Journal "Metamaterials" published by Elsevier (homepage)
Online articles: "Metamaterials" in ScienceDirect
RSS feed for Metamaterials articles published in Physical Review Journals
Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials ("METAMORPHOSE VI AISBL")
European Network of Excellence "METAMORPHOSE" on Metamaterials
SensorMetrix Formed with a specific directive to exploit the recent advances in electromagnetic metamaterials
Metamaterials collection on IOPscience (IOP Publishing)

More articles and presentations:

从维基百科的姊妹项目了解更多有关 “超材料”的内容：
	维基词典上的字词解释
	维基共享资源上的多媒体资源
	维基学院上的學習资源
	维基新闻上的新闻
	维基语录上的名言
	维基文库上的原始文献
	维基教科书上的教科书和手册
	维基导游上的旅游信息

Dr. Sebastien Guenneau. Research on Metamaterials and Photonic Crystal Fibres
UWB Tunable Delay System, Prof Christophe Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal
What are Metamaterials ? An index page by Dr. Stefan Linden and Prof. Dr. Martin Wegener
Raytracing Metamaterials (demonstrations)
Multifunctionality.
Cloaking devices, nihility bandgap, LF magnetic enhancement, perfect radome NIT Japan
Left-Handed Flat Lens HFSS Tutorial Electromagnetism Tutorial
Journal of Optics A, February 2005 Special issue on Metamaterials
Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction
How To Make an Object Invisible
Metamaterials hold key to cloak of invisibility

[APhys1-1] Shelby, R. A.; Smith D.R.; Shultz S.; Nemat-Nasser S.C. Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial. Applied Physics Letters. 2001, 78 (4): 489. Bibcode:2001ApPhL..78..489S. doi:10.1063/1.1343489. ^{[失效連結]}

[comp-2] Smith, D. R.; Padilla, WJ; Vier, DC; Nemat-Nasser, SC; Schultz, S. Composite Medium with Simultaneously Negative Permeability and Permittivity. Physical Review Letters. 2000, 84 (18): 4184–7. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..84.4184S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184. PMID 10990641.

[physicsengineering1-3] Engheta, Nader; Richard W. Ziolkowski. Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations. Wiley & Sons. 2006-06: xv, 3–30, 37, 143–150, 215–234, 240–256. ISBN 978-0-471-76102-0.

[metamaterialplasmonics1] 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为metamaterialplasmonics1的引用提供文字

[smithmetamaterials1-5] Smith, David R.. What are Electromagnetic Metamaterials?. Novel Electromagnetic Materials. The research group of D.R. Smith. 2006-06-10 [2009-08-19].

[AAAS2-6] Shelby, R. A.; Smith, DR; Schultz, S; Smith D.R; Shultz S. Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction. Science. 2001, 292 (5514): 77 |pages=或|at=多余 (帮助). Bibcode:2001Sci...292...77S. doi:10.1126/science.1058847. PMID 11292865. |last1=和|last=只需其一 (帮助); |first1=和|first=只需其一 (帮助)

[Pendry2004-7] Pendry, John B.. Negative Refraction. Contemporary Physics (Princeton University Press). 2004, 45 (3): 191–202 [2009-08-26]. Bibcode:2004ConPh..45..191P. doi:10.1080/00107510410001667434. ISBN 0-691-12347-0.

[Veselago1-8] Veselago, V. G. The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of [permittivity] and [permeability]. Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 1968, 10 (4): 509–514. Bibcode:1968SvPhU..10..509V. doi:10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003699.

[control_elastic_waves] 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为control_elastic_waves的引用提供文字

[NEMP1-10] Smith, David R; Research group. Novel Electromagnetic Materials program. 2005-01-16 [2009-08-17].

[Thzoverview-11] Rainsford, Tamath J.; Samuel P. Mickan, and D. Abbott. T-ray sensing applications: review of global developments. Proc. SPIE (Conference Location: Sydney, Australia 2004-12-13: The International Society for Optical Engineering). 9 March 2005,. 5649 Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II (Poster session): 826 |pages=或|at=多余 (帮助). doi:10.1117/12.607746.

[Radome-12] Cotton, Micheal G. Applied Electromagnetics. 2003 Technical Progress Report (NITA – ITS) (Boulder, CO, USA: NITA – Institute for Telecommunication Sciences). 2003-12,. Telecommunications Theory (3): 4–5 [2009-09-14].

[radiation-properties] 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为radiation-properties的引用提供文字

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超材料

目录