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帕金森症候群

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
帕金森症候群
Parkinsonism
病因
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经学
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
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帕金森症候群(Parkinsonism)是和运动机能相关的临床症候群,其特征是颤抖运动功能减退僵硬英语Rigidity (neurology)平衡障碍[1][2]。在帕金森氏症(PD)患者身上会有类似症状(此症候群因此而得名),而路易氏体失智症(DLB)、帕金森病性失智症英语Parkinson's disease dementia(PDD)等疾病也会有此症状。这类症候群的病因范围很广,包括神经退化障碍疾病、药物、毒素代谢疾病,或是帕金森氏症以外的神经性疾病[3]

病因

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药物引起

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有帕金森症候群的人当中,约有7%是因为药物的副作用而造成的,主要是因为抗精神病药,特别是吩噻嗪(例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪)、噻吨英语thioxanthene(例如三氟噻吨英语flupenthixol珠氯噻醇英语zuclopenthixol)及丁酰苯(例如氟哌啶醇),偶尔也有因为抗忧郁药物而造成。药物引起帕金森症候群的盛行率会随年龄而上升。药物引起的帕金森症候群一但出现,多半会维持原有的程度,不像帕金森氏症会渐渐恶化[4]

毒素

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有发现杀虫剂或除草剂暴露程度和帕金森氏症之间的关联性。若暴露在百草枯锰乃浦英语Maneb/锌锰乃浦英语Mancozeb下,风险是原来的两倍[5]

已证实慢性(Mn)暴露会造成类似帕金森症候群的疾病,其特征是运动障碍,此症状无法用典型的帕金森症治疗方式英语Management of Parkinson's disease来治疗,因此推测除了典型黑质多巴胺能损失外,包括有其他的致病途径[6]。锰会在基底核内累积,因此造成运动障碍[7]有一种和SLC30A10基因(锰外流转运蛋白,减少细胞内锰所必需的蛋白)有关的变异和这种类似帕金森症候群疾病有关[8]。在这疾病中看不到帕金森氏症中典型的路易体英语Lewy body[7]

诊断

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许多疾病会造成帕金森症候群。

神经退化障碍巴金森附加症候群英语Parkinson plus syndrome[9]
药物引发(伪帕金森症候群)
感染
毒素
创伤
血管的
其他

原发性震颤

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根据2018年的回顾性研究,还不确定帕金森症候群和原发性震颤英语essential tremor是否有关[30]

参考资料

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外部链接

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