擠喉音

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擠喉音(英語:ejective),也稱外擠氣音噴音,屬於非肺部氣流音,是在發出清音後同時關閉聲門。在一些語言的音韻中,擠喉音可能區分送氣不送氣。此外,一些語言中有響亮的伴隨着嘎吱響的聲音,這個模式包含與其它語言相同的擠喉音併兼有內爆音——這使音韻學家主張設定一個聲門化輔音的音韻分類。

拼寫[編輯]

國際音標中,擠喉音被寫為一個塞音附加一個變音符號[ʼ]。注意,倒撇號[]有時被用於表示送氣,像亞美尼亞語中[p‘ t‘ k‘],這種用法在國際音標中已經過時。在一些傳統的轉寫方案中,撇號表示齶化,如// = 國際音標[].

在使用拉丁字母時,國標音標常用撇號來表示擠喉音,但是也有其它約定。在祖魯語科薩語語中,擠喉現象在不同講話者間變化,用字母p t k ts tsh kr表示[pʼ tʼ kʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kxʼ]。在海達語Hadza語的轉寫方案中,使用雙寫字母來示擠喉音,如用tt kk qq ttl tts表示[tʼ kʼ qʼ tɬʼ tsʼ](海達語),用zz jj dl gg表示[tsʼ tʃʼ c͡ʎ̝̥ʼ kxʼ](Hadza).

擠喉音列表[編輯]

有聲國際音標圖表:非肺部氣流音
搭嘴音
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
ʘ͡q
內爆音
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
擠喉音
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
About this sound
該表包含標音符號,在某些瀏覽器上可能不能正確顯示。[幫助]

國際音標幫助 ·英語國際音標 · 音頻幫助 ·圖表 ·查看
塞音
擦塞音
擦音

參考文獻[編輯]

  • Beck, David. The emergence of ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac. University of Alberta Working Papers in Linguistics. 2006, 1: 1–18. 
  • Campbell, Lyle. 1973. On Glottalic Consonants. International Journal of American Linguistics 39, 44–46. JSTOR 1264659
  • Chirikba, V.A. Aspects of Phonological Typology. Moscow, 1991 (in Russian).
  • Fallon, Paul. 2002. The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Ejectives. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93800-7, ISBN 978-0-415-93800-6.
  • Hogan, J. T. (1976). "An analysis of the temporal features of ejective consonants." Phonetica 33: 275–284. doi:10.1159/000259776
  • Greenberg, Joseph H., Some generalizations concerning glottalic consonants, especially implosives., International Journal of American Linguistics, 1970, 36: 123–145, doi:10.1086/465105 
  • Ladefoged, Peter, Vowels and Consonants Second, Blackwell, 2005, ISBN 0-631-21411-9 
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 (英語). 
  • Lindau, M. (1984). "Phonetic differences in glottalic consonants." Journal of Phonetics, 12: 147–155. doi:10.1121/1.2019283
  • Lindsey, Geoffrey; Hayward, Katrina; Haruna, Andrew. Hausa Glottalic Consonants: A Laryngographic Study. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1992, 55: 511–527. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00003682. 
  • Taddese, Takkele. Are sʼ and tʼ variants of an Amharic variable? A sociolinguistic analysis. Journal of Ethiopian Languages and Literature. 1992, 2: 104–21. 
  • Wright, Richard; Hargus, Sharon; Davis, Katharine. On the categorization of ejectives: data from Witsuwit'en.. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2002, 32: 43–77. doi:10.1017/S0025100302000142. 

外部連結[編輯]