氣候門

氣候門
日期	2009-11-17
地點	英國東安格里亞大學的氣候研究小組
別名	氣候門（"Climategate"）
調查	House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Email Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel (UK); Pennsylvania State University (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US)
裁決	Exoneration or withdrawal of all major or serious charges

氣候研究小組電郵爭議（英語：Climatic Research Unit email controversy），俗稱氣候門（Climategate）^[2]^[3]，是指2009年11月發生在英國的隸屬東安格里亞大學（University of East Anglia，簡稱UEA）的氣候研究小組（CRU：Climate Research Unit）被黑客入侵、與圍繞溫室效應研究相關的一系列電子郵件和檔案被公開的事件^[4]^[5]^[6]。事件發生在於丹麥首都哥本哈根舉行的2009年聯合國氣候變化大會之前數個星期，入侵者從CRU的伺服器裏抄走數以千計的電郵副本及電腦檔案，並且透過互聯網分發到世界多個地方儲藏。

事件最初由對氣候變化懷疑論者從眾多電郵及檔案裏精挑細選出來^[7]，刊登在他們的網誌上^[8]，加上專欄作家James Delingpole（英語：James Delingpole）的推波助瀾，把爭議事件稱之為「氣候門」^[9]事件，使事情如滾雪球般壯大^[7]。他們認為有關全球變暖的事件，其實背後有陰謀論在背後操控。

事件經過

2009年11月，某黑客入侵CRU的伺服器，將存儲在上面的個人檔案以及發現的電子郵件發佈於網絡上^[4]（亦有人認為並非黑客所為，而是內部告發^[10]）。1996年以後的1000封以上的電子郵件以及3000份以上的內部文件被盜取。有關部門於是對此進行調查。對溫室效應持有反對意見的團體認為，那些電子郵件通信是為了將氣候變遷歸咎於人類活動，而對數據進行篡改的密謀。他們將此事件作為科學史上的一大醜聞進行宣傳，並模仿水門事件（Watergate）將此事件命名為「氣候門（Climategate）」。

參見

參考資料

^ Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. Government Response to the House of Commons Science and Technology 8th Report of Session 2009–10: The disclosure of climate data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia (PDF). The Stationery Office. [2014-11-17]. ISBN 978-0-10-179342-1. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-07-05）.
^ Chameides, Bill. Climategate Redux. Scientific American. 2010-08-30 [2011-08-17]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-03）（英語）.
^ Closing the Climategate. Nature. [2014-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-22）. |date=2010-11-18 |accessdate=2011-08-17 |language=en }}
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Hackers target leading climate research unit. BBC News. 2009-11-20 [2009-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-03）.
^ Pooley 2010, p. 425: "Climategate broke in November, when a cache of e-mails was hacked from a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England." See: Pooley, Eric (2010). The Climate War: True Believers, Power Brokers, and the Fight to Save the Earth. Hyperion Books. ISBN 1-4013-2326-X; Karatzogianni 2010: "Most media representations of the Climategate hack linked the events to other incidents in the past, suggesting a consistent narrative frame which blames the attacks on Russian hackers...Although the Climategate material was uploaded on various servers in Turkey and Saudi Arabia before ending up in Tomsk in Siberia..." Extensive discussion about the media coverage of hacking and climategate in Karatzogianni, Athina. (2010). "Blame it on the Russians: Tracking the Portrayal of Russians During Cyber conflict Incidents （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）".Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media. 4: 128–150. ISSN 2043-7633
^ Norfolk Constabulary. Police closes UEA investigation. 2012-07-18 [2012-07-18]. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-19）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 李細明; 李子祥. 真的假不了. 香港天文台. 2012-02-09 [2014-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2014-11-29）（中文（繁體））.
^ Leiserowitz et al., 2010, "Climategate, Public Opinion, and the Loss of Trust （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". Working Paper, Subject to Revision. Yale University.
^ Allchen 2010, p. 591: "James Delingpole, in a blog for England's Telegraph, promptly dubbed it "Climategate." See: Allchen, Douglas. (2010). "Sacred Bovines: The Nature of Science From Test Tubes to YouTube." American Biology Teacher. 72 (9):590–592. doi:10.1525/abt.2010.72.9.15; Booker 2009: "A week after my colleague James Delingpole , on his Telegraph blog, coined the term "Climategate" to describe the scandal revealed by the leaked emails from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit, Google was showing that the word now appears across the internet more than nine million times." See: Booker, Christopher (2009) "Climate change: this is the worst scientific scandal of our generation （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". The Telegraph. 28 November; For the original article see: Delingpole, James (2009). "Climategate: the final nail in the coffin of 'Anthropogenic Global Warming'? （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）" The Telegraph. 20 November; Nine days after his original article, Delingpole clarified how he came up with the name. Although he has been given credit for coining and popularizing the term (Booker 2009; Allchin 2010, etc.) he got the original idea from an anonymous blogger named "Bulldust" on the Watts Up With That blog. See: Delingpole, James (2009). "Climategate: how the 'greatest scientific scandal of our generation' got its name （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". The Telegraph. 29 November; Delingpole told Dennis Miller, ""Climategate was the story that I helped to break..." See The Dennis Miller Show. (28 June 2011). "James Delingpole Interview". Event begins at 2:45.
^ 溫暖化データねつ造疑惑　衝撃強く、歐米で大騒ぎ 12月9日19時15分配信 J-CASTニュース^{[永久失效連結]}

外部連結

Climatic Research Unit （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Unwinding 「Hide the Decline」（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, detailed video coverage on climatecrocks.com（英語：Peter Sinclair (blogger)）, 28 April 2011.
Climate wars: The story of the hacked emails （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, the full manuscript of an investigation by The Guardian into the emails.
Audio recording （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） of a Guardian-sponsored debate on Climategate, held on 15 July 2010. The debaters were Trevor Davies, Doug Keenan, Stephen McIntyre, Fred Pearce, and Bob Watson; the debate was chaired by George Monbiot.
"The Great Climategate Debate". A video of a lecture held at the MIT School of Science on 10 December 2009. The moderator was Henry D. Jacoby (MIT). Speakers were Kerry Emanuel (MIT), Judith Layzer (MIT), Stephen Ansolabehere (MIT and Harvard), Ronald G. Prinn (MIT), and Richard Lindzen (MIT).
"The disclosure of climate data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Video of House of Commons Select Committee oral evidence session, held on Monday 1 March 2010 at 3 pm. Witnesses are: (1) Rt Hon Lord Lawson of Blaby, Chairman, and Dr Benny Peiser, Director, Global Warming Policy Foundation; (2) Richard Thomas CBE; (3) Professor Edward Acton, Vice-Chancellor, University of East Anglia, and Professor Phil Jones, Director of the Climatic Research Unit; (4) Sir Muir Russell KCB, Head of the Independent Climate Change emails Review; (5) Professor John Beddington, Government Chief Scientific Adviser, Professor Julia Slingo OBE, Chief Scientist, Met Office, and Professor Bob Watson, Chief Scientist, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

[1] Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. Government Response to the House of Commons Science and Technology 8th Report of Session 2009–10: The disclosure of climate data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia (PDF). The Stationery Office. [2014-11-17]. ISBN 978-0-10-179342-1. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-07-05）.

[2] Chameides, Bill. Climategate Redux. Scientific American. 2010-08-30 [2011-08-17]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-03）（英語）.

[3] Closing the Climategate. Nature. [2014-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-22）. |date=2010-11-18 |accessdate=2011-08-17 |language=en }}

[BBC-1120-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Hackers target leading climate research unit. BBC News. 2009-11-20 [2009-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-03）.

[5] Pooley 2010, p. 425: "Climategate broke in November, when a cache of e-mails was hacked from a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England." See: Pooley, Eric (2010). The Climate War: True Believers, Power Brokers, and the Fight to Save the Earth. Hyperion Books. ISBN 1-4013-2326-X; Karatzogianni 2010: "Most media representations of the Climategate hack linked the events to other incidents in the past, suggesting a consistent narrative frame which blames the attacks on Russian hackers...Although the Climategate material was uploaded on various servers in Turkey and Saudi Arabia before ending up in Tomsk in Siberia..." Extensive discussion about the media coverage of hacking and climategate in Karatzogianni, Athina. (2010). "Blame it on the Russians: Tracking the Portrayal of Russians During Cyber conflict Incidents （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）".Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media. 4: 128–150. ISSN 2043-7633

[Norfolk_Police-6] Norfolk Constabulary. Police closes UEA investigation. 2012-07-18 [2012-07-18]. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-19）.

[hkoblog-7] 7.0 ^7.1 李細明; 李子祥. 真的假不了. 香港天文台. 2012-02-09 [2014-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2014-11-29）（中文（繁體））.

[Leiserowitz-8] Leiserowitz et al., 2010, "Climategate, Public Opinion, and the Loss of Trust （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". Working Paper, Subject to Revision. Yale University.

[Delingpole1-9] Allchen 2010, p. 591: "James Delingpole, in a blog for England's Telegraph, promptly dubbed it "Climategate." See: Allchen, Douglas. (2010). "Sacred Bovines: The Nature of Science From Test Tubes to YouTube." American Biology Teacher. 72 (9):590–592. doi:10.1525/abt.2010.72.9.15; Booker 2009: "A week after my colleague James Delingpole , on his Telegraph blog, coined the term "Climategate" to describe the scandal revealed by the leaked emails from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit, Google was showing that the word now appears across the internet more than nine million times." See: Booker, Christopher (2009) "Climate change: this is the worst scientific scandal of our generation （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". The Telegraph. 28 November; For the original article see: Delingpole, James (2009). "Climategate: the final nail in the coffin of 'Anthropogenic Global Warming'? （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）" The Telegraph. 20 November; Nine days after his original article, Delingpole clarified how he came up with the name. Although he has been given credit for coining and popularizing the term (Booker 2009; Allchin 2010, etc.) he got the original idea from an anonymous blogger named "Bulldust" on the Watts Up With That blog. See: Delingpole, James (2009). "Climategate: how the 'greatest scientific scandal of our generation' got its name （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". The Telegraph. 29 November; Delingpole told Dennis Miller, ""Climategate was the story that I helped to break..." See The Dennis Miller Show. (28 June 2011). "James Delingpole Interview". Event begins at 2:45.

[10] 溫暖化データねつ造疑惑　衝撃強く、歐米で大騒ぎ 12月9日19時15分配信 J-CASTニュース^{[永久失效連結]}

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