心智政权

心智政权（英语：Noocracy，/noʊˈɒkrəsi/, /ˈnoʊ.əkrəsi/），亦称智主政治，柏拉图给予的定义是以智慧为主体的政权^{[注 1]}，根据佛拉迪米尔·维尔纳斯基提出的说明，它是一个基于人类思想为优先的社会与政治体系。在德日进的著作里，描述其未来的发展。

词源

这个词的本身源自于希腊语的智性^{[注 2]}，通常〔noos〕^{[注 3]}是指心智^{[注 4]}或是智力（英语：Intellect）^{[注 5]}，而〔kratos〕^{[注 6]}是指权威^{[注 7]}或是权力^{[注 8]}。

发展

尝试实行于政治体系的首例之一，可能是毕达哥拉斯的智慧之城^{[注 9]}，毕达哥拉斯与他的追随者，即毕氏教团的成员们^{[注 10]}，曾经共同计划在今日的意大利建造智慧之城。在近代历史上，佛拉迪米尔·维尔纳斯基也曾经提出类似的概念，不同的是，这个概念必须使用心智圈^{[注 11]}一词作为代表名称。

正如柏拉图所定义的，心智政权被认为是可适用于未来人类的政治体系，甚至是可以取代民主体系^{[注 12]}与其他的政权体制。

艾力·贺佛尔对此却抱持不同的看法，因为他提出非主流的观点，有时会被称为码头工人哲学家^{[注 13]}^{[来源请求]}。由于柏拉图的哲学王概念就像是变成教师型统治^{[注 14]}一般，所以艾力·贺佛尔鄙视柏拉图的思想概念，这也暗示著，对于人类行为或是生活的潮流趋势，柏拉图夸大了这一部分的重要性^{[来源请求]}。

“

在大自然界、地理圈与生物圈，由于思考与思维的大量聚集，而形成的心智圈，可以想像人类的未来生活就像是心智政权的社会体系一般 —— 而这个社会体系是以聚集大量的思想为主要的政治力量，而不是靠部分社群团体的组成来呈现的

”

——米歇尔·艾布斯坦（英语：Mikhail Epstein）所提出的定义^{[注 15]}

学术著作

在欧洲联盟委员会社群研究机构的出版著作《自由的艺术与科学研究：朝向生活的文化》^{[注 16]}一书中，汉斯·约纳斯以及拉迪斯拉夫·科瓦拉区^{[注 17]}也提出对于心智政权的几项评论。^[1]

“

假如柏拉图把他的政体概念称为是圣贤政治，那么以科学制度化为基础来进行社会实验的政治体系，可以称为是心智政权。在柏拉图的眼中，心智政权并不是哲学家国王的君权统治。但是，也不是用科学知识或是由一群科学家们来统治。政权，一个政权的取得与维持，取决于竞赛法则，首先由一群政治精英共同把持政权，但是随着他们接受专业的训练，经过大量的分析，由科学各领域的专家们所组成的大型顾问团体大量给予预测与提议，并且设立以实地考察为型态的实验工作。^{[注 18]}

”

举目前具争议性的议题基因改造食品或是转基因生物为例，以教科书上的科学知识对此来设立政策方针。

“

以心智政权为前提，在它本身权力范围内的一个或是多个地区国家，在高层管理人员的保护之下，转基因生物会被人们拿来实验，并且以科学方式进行监控。到了世界末日来临的那一天，其所有的代价与获益的资源由所有人民公平地共享。预警原则在今日仍是人们争论的议题，虽然有预警原则，但是这无法减缓甚至是阻碍科学研发的速度。^{[注 19]}

”

注释

^ 英语：aristocracy of the wise
^ 英语：nous
^ 希腊语：νους
^ 英语：Mind
^ 英语：Intellect
^ 希腊语：κράτος
^ 英语：Authority
^ 英语：Power
^ 英语：city of the wise
^ 英语：the order of mathematikoi
^ 英语：Noosphere
^ 英语：the authority of the crowd
^ 英语：longshoreman philosopher
^ 英语：rule by schoolmasters
^ 英语：the thinking matter increases its mass in nature and geo- and biosphere grow into noosphere, the future of the humanity can be envisioned as noocracy--that is the power of the collective brain rather than separate individuals representing certain social groups or society as whole
^ 英语：Art & Scientific Research are Free: Towards a Culture of Life
^ 斯洛伐克语：Ladislav Kováč
^ 英语：If Plato called his conception of governments a "sophocracy," then a political system characterized by social experimentation with a scientific institutionalized base could be called a "noocracy." Noocracy would not be the reign of the philosopher-king as seen in Plato. But nor would it be governed by science or the scientists. Power, a power acquired and maintained according to the laws of competition, would remain in the hands of the political elites but with these elites being professionally trained, making the most of the analysis, the forecasts and the propositions emanating from a vast array of advisory groups made up of experts from all areas of science, and setting up fieldwork experiments.
^ 英语：Within a noocracy in its own right, GMO would be tested in one or several areas or nations and scientifically monitored by all, under the aegis of a main administration body. With, at the end of the day, the costs and profits equitably shared by all. The principle of precaution, highly controversial at the present time, would then be applied, without slowing-down nor impeding the implementation of scientific inventions.

参考资料

^ Art & Scientific Research Are Free, European Commission, European Commission Community research, Semar Publishers Srl, 2005, ISBN 8877781025, ISBN 9788877781024

参见

天才政权（英语：Geniocracy）
技术官僚

[1] 英语：aristocracy of the wise

[2] 英语：nous

[3] 希腊语：νους

[4] 英语：Mind

[5] 英语：Intellect

[6] 希腊语：κράτος

[7] 英语：Authority

[8] 英语：Power

[9] 英语：city of the wise

[10] 英语：the order of mathematikoi

[11] 英语：Noosphere

[12] 英语：the authority of the crowd

[13] 英语：longshoreman philosopher

[14] 英语：rule by schoolmasters

[15] 英语：the thinking matter increases its mass in nature and geo- and biosphere grow into noosphere, the future of the humanity can be envisioned as noocracy--that is the power of the collective brain rather than separate individuals representing certain social groups or society as whole

[16] 英语：Art & Scientific Research are Free: Towards a Culture of Life

[17] 斯洛伐克语：Ladislav Kováč

[19] 英语：If Plato called his conception of governments a "sophocracy," then a political system characterized by social experimentation with a scientific institutionalized base could be called a "noocracy." Noocracy would not be the reign of the philosopher-king as seen in Plato. But nor would it be governed by science or the scientists. Power, a power acquired and maintained according to the laws of competition, would remain in the hands of the political elites but with these elites being professionally trained, making the most of the analysis, the forecasts and the propositions emanating from a vast array of advisory groups made up of experts from all areas of science, and setting up fieldwork experiments.

[20] 英语：Within a noocracy in its own right, GMO would be tested in one or several areas or nations and scientifically monitored by all, under the aegis of a main administration body. With, at the end of the day, the costs and profits equitably shared by all. The principle of precaution, highly controversial at the present time, would then be applied, without slowing-down nor impeding the implementation of scientific inventions.

[18] Art & Scientific Research Are Free, European Commission, European Commission Community research, Semar Publishers Srl, 2005, ISBN 8877781025, ISBN 9788877781024

[注 1]

[注 2]

[注 3]

[注 4]

[注 5]

[注 6]

[注 7]

[注 8]

[注 9]

[注 10]

[注 11]

[注 12]

[注 13]

[注 14]

[注 15]

[注 16]

[注 17]

[1]

[注 18]

[注 19]