用戶:Quest for Truth/政事論

《政事論》（IAST：Arthaśāstra）是古代印度對治國之道、經濟政策和軍事戰略的論述，原文用梵文寫成^[1]^[2]^[3]。雖然實際上可能由多個作者、跨越多個世紀累積而成^[4]，但是傳統上認為作者是考底利耶^[5]^[6]。後者是一名在塔克西拉的學者，也是孔雀王朝的開國國王旃陀羅笈多的老師和顧問^[7]。然而，有學者質疑作者的身份。^[8]^[9]。

在公元前2世紀至公元後3世紀期間所撰寫、擴充和纂修^[10]的《政事論》影響力很大，直到12世紀失傳為止。1905年R. Shamasastry（英語：R. Shamasastry）重新發現《政事論》，在1909年發表^[11]。第一份英文譯本在1915年出版^[12]。

註解

參考

^ Roger Boesche. The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra. Lexington Books. 2002: 7. ISBN 978-0739104019. , Quote: "(...) is classically expressed in Indian literature in the Arthashastra of Kautilya";
^ Siva Kumar, N.; Rao, U. S. Guidelines for value based management in Kautilya's Arthashastra. Journal of Business Ethics. April 1996, 15 (4): 415–423. doi:10.1007/BF00380362. , Quote: "The paper develops value based management guidelines from the famous Indian treatise on management, Kautilya's Arthashastra."
^ Olivelle 2013，第1-5頁.
^ Olivelle 2013，第24–25, 31頁.
^ Olivelle 2013，第1, 34-35頁.
^ Mabbett (1964): "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."
^ Olivelle 2013，第31-38頁.
^ Mabbett (1964);
Trautmann (1971，第10頁): "while in his character as author of an arthaśāstra he is generally referred to by his gotra name, Kauṭilya;"
Trautmann (1971，第67頁): "T. Burrow... has now shown that Cāṇakya is also a gotra name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with distinct persons, the minister Cāṇakya of legend and Kautilya the compiler of Arthaśāstra.
^ Rao & Subrahmanyam (2013): "The confident initial assertion that the text’s author was 『the famous Brahman Kautilya, also named Vishnugupta, and known from other sources by the patronymic Chanakya』, and that the text was written at the time of the foundation of the Maurya dynasty, has of course been considerably eroded over the course of the twentieth century."
^ Olivelle 2013，第30-31頁.
^ Allen, Charles. Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor. London: Hachette UK. 21 February 2012 [23 October 2015].
^ Boesche 2002，第8頁

文獻

Boesche, Roger, The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2002, ISBN 0-7391-0401-2
Kangle, R. P., Kautilya Arthashastra, 3 vols, Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted 2010), 1969, ISBN 978-8120800410
Mabbett, I. W. The Date of the Arthaśāstra. Journal of the American Oriental Society. April 1964, 84 (2): 162–169. JSTOR 597102. doi:10.2307/597102.
Olivelle, Patrick, King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra, Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 2013 [2016-02-20], ISBN 978-0199891825
Rangarajan, L.N., Kautilya: The Arthashastra, Penguin Classics, 1992, ISBN 0-14-044603-6
Rao, Velcheru; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, Notes on Political Thought in Medieval and Early Modern South India, Richard M. Eaton; Munis D. Faruqui; David Gilmartin; Sunil Kumar (編), Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards, Cambridge University Press: 164–199, 2013 [2016-02-20], ISBN 978-1-107-03428-0
Trautmann, Thomas R., Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971
Arthashastra-Studien, Dieter Schlingloff, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Süd- und Ostasiens, vol. 11, 1967, 44-80 + Abb. 1a-30, ISSN 0084-0084.
Ratan Lal Basu and Raj Kumar Sen, Ancient Indian Economic Thought, Relevance for Today, ISBN 81-316-0125-0, Rawat Publications, New Delhi, 2008

外部連結

維基文庫中的文獻全文：Arthashastra (First English translation, 1915 by R Shamasastry)
Arthashastra (English) (Another archive of 1915 R Shamasastry translation)
Arthaśāstra (Sanskrit, IAST-Translit), SARIT Initiative, The British Association for South Asian Studies and The British Academy

Category:印度教文獻 Category:孔雀王朝 Category:兵書 Category:政治書籍

[1] Roger Boesche. The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra. Lexington Books. 2002: 7. ISBN 978-0739104019. , Quote: "(...) is classically expressed in Indian literature in the Arthashastra of Kautilya";

[2] Siva Kumar, N.; Rao, U. S. Guidelines for value based management in Kautilya's Arthashastra. Journal of Business Ethics. April 1996, 15 (4): 415–423. doi:10.1007/BF00380362. , Quote: "The paper develops value based management guidelines from the famous Indian treatise on management, Kautilya's Arthashastra."

[FOOTNOTEOlivelle20131-5-3] Olivelle 2013，第1-5頁.

[FOOTNOTEOlivelle201324–25,_31-4] Olivelle 2013，第24–25, 31頁.

[FOOTNOTEOlivelle20131,_34-35-5] Olivelle 2013，第1, 34-35頁.

[ReferenceA-6] Mabbett (1964): "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."

[FOOTNOTEOlivelle201331-38-7] Olivelle 2013，第31-38頁.

[Mabbett_162–169-8] Mabbett (1964);
Trautmann (1971，第10頁): "while in his character as author of an arthaśāstra he is generally referred to by his gotra name, Kauṭilya;"
Trautmann (1971，第67頁): "T. Burrow... has now shown that Cāṇakya is also a gotra name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with distinct persons, the minister Cāṇakya of legend and Kautilya the compiler of Arthaśāstra.

[9] Rao & Subrahmanyam (2013): "The confident initial assertion that the text’s author was 『the famous Brahman Kautilya, also named Vishnugupta, and known from other sources by the patronymic Chanakya』, and that the text was written at the time of the foundation of the Maurya dynasty, has of course been considerably eroded over the course of the twentieth century."

[FOOTNOTEOlivelle201330-31-10] Olivelle 2013，第30-31頁.

[Allen-11] Allen, Charles. Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor. London: Hachette UK. 21 February 2012 [23 October 2015].

[12] Boesche 2002，第8頁

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