狄拉克δ函数:修订间差异

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* [[Γ函数]]
* [[Γ函数]]
* [[黎曼ζ函数]]
* [[黎曼ζ函数]]

== 注释 ==
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

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==外部链接==
==外部链接==

2014年10月30日 (四) 03:17的版本

狄拉克δ函数Dirac Delta function),有时也说单位脉冲函数。通常用δ表示。在概念上,它是這麼一個「函數」:在除了零以外的點都等於零,而其在整個定義域上的積分等於1。嚴格來說狄拉克δ函数不能算是一個函數,因為滿足以上條件的函數是不存在的。但可以用分佈的概念來解釋,稱為狄拉克δ分布,或δ分布,但與費米-狄拉克分布是兩回事。在廣義函數論裡也可以找到δ函數的解釋,此時δ作為一個極簡單的廣義函數出現。

在實際應用中,δ函數或δ分布總是伴隨着積分一起出現。δ分布在偏微分方程數學物理方法傅立葉分析概率論裡都和很多數學技巧有關。

定义

狄拉克δ函数可大概认为是实直线上的一个函数,它在原点以外的所有点函数值为0,只在原点为无穷:

并且满足约束条件

另外,还有

性质

缩放和对称

对于非零标量α,δ函数满足下面的缩放性: [1]

所以

特别地,δ函数是一个分布,这就是说

它是-1次齐次函数

其他性质

表达式

以下表达式均可代表狄拉克δ函数:

参阅

注释

  1. ^ Strichartz 1994,Problem 2.6.2

参考文献

外部链接