嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒

嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒
病毒分類
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	乙型冠狀病毒屬 Betacoronavirus
亚属：	SARS乙型冠状病毒亚属 Sarbecovirus
种：	嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒 Severe acute respiratory; syndrome-related coronavirus
病毒株
	严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒 SARS-CoV; 嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒2型 SARS-CoV-2; 蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒WIV1 Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1; 果子狸SARS冠状病毒 Civet SARS-CoV;

嚴重急性呼吸道綜合症相关冠狀病毒（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus），簡稱SARS相关冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV），是冠狀病毒科乙型冠状病毒属的一个种。^[1]该种病毒现有2个可传染人的分型^[2]。

分型

第一个分型称为嚴重急性呼吸道綜合症冠狀病毒（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus，简称SARS-CoV）^[2]，发现于2003年，引发了嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症的疫情，有可能是通过菊头蝠传播到人类的^[3]。

第二个分型称为嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒2型（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，简称SARS-CoV-2），发现于2019年，引发了2019冠状病毒病的疫情^[2]，有研究认为，该病毒类型可能是通过马来穿山甲传播给人类的^[4]^[5]。統計至2021年2月4日為止，病例數約為SARS-CoV的12800倍，病逝人數約為2900倍。

關係圖

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群相關冠狀病毒
SARSr-CoV

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒
SARS-CoV

嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒2型
SARS-CoV-2

參考資料

^ Thiel V (editor). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology. 2020-03-02 [2020-03-03]. ISSN 2058-5276. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. （原始内容存档于2020-03-05）（英语）.
^ Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi; Wang, Ning; Luo, Dong-Sheng; Zheng, Xiao-Shuang; Wang, Mei-Niang; Daszak, Peter; Wang, Lin-Fa; Cui, Jie; Shi, Zheng-Li; Drosten, Christian. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.
^ Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan; Li, Lian-Feng; Leung, Gabriel M; Holmes, Edward C; Hu, Yan-Ling; Guan, Yi. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）（英语）.
^ Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-10-24, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）（英语）. 引文格式1维护：PMC格式 (link)

參考文獻

Peiris JS, Lai ST, Poon LL, et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. April 2003, 361 (9366): 1319–25. PMID 12711465. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13077-2.
Rota PA, Oberste MS, Monroe SS, et al. Characterization of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Science. 30 May 2003, 300 (5624): 1394–9. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1394R. PMID 12730500. doi:10.1126/science.1085952.
Marco A. Marra; et al. The Genome Sequence of the SARS-Associated coronavirus. Science. 30 May 2003, 300 (5624): 1399–1404. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1399M. PMID 12730501. doi:10.1126/science.1085953.
Snijder EJ, et al. Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage. J Mol Biol. 29 August 2003, 331 (5): 991–1004. PMID 12927536. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9.
Yount B, et al. Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: engineering a recombination-resistant genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 15 August 2006, 103 (33): 12546–51 [2020-02-14]. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312546Y. PMC 1531645 . PMID 16891412. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605438103. （原始内容存档于2012-10-29）.
Thiel V (编). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
Enjuanes L, et al. Coronavirus Replication and Interaction with Host. Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. 2008. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.

外部連結

WHO press release identifying and naming the SARS virus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
The SARS virus genetic map
Science special on the SARS virus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (free content: no registration required)
McGill University SARS Resources. [2015-06-15]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-01）.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS home
World Health Organization on alert （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
SARS coronavirus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. [2020-02-14]. 227859. （原始内容存档于2020-11-14）.
Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[Thiel-1] Thiel V (editor). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.

[ICTV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology. 2020-03-02 [2020-03-03]. ISSN 2058-5276. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. （原始内容存档于2020-03-05）（英语）.

[3] Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi; Wang, Ning; Luo, Dong-Sheng; Zheng, Xiao-Shuang; Wang, Mei-Niang; Daszak, Peter; Wang, Lin-Fa; Cui, Jie; Shi, Zheng-Li; Drosten, Christian. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.

[4] Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan; Li, Lian-Feng; Leung, Gabriel M; Holmes, Edward C; Hu, Yan-Ling; Guan, Yi. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）（英语）.

[5] Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-10-24, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）（英语）. 引文格式1维护：PMC格式 (link)

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