降鈣素

Calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha
	NMR solution structure of salmon calcitonin in SDS micelles.
有效结构
PDB	直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查询代码列表
	2glh
标识
代号	CALCA; CALC1; CGRP; CGRP-I; CGRP1; CT; KC; MGC126648
扩展标识	遗传学：114130 鼠基因：2151253 同源基因：1319 GeneCards: CALCA Gene
基因本体论描述
分子功能	· hormone activity;
细胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular space; · soluble fraction; · endoplasmic reticulum;
生物过程	· skeletal development; · G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger; · adenylate cyclase activation; · phospholipase C activation; · elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; · cell-cell signaling; · blood pressure regulation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多表达数据
直系同源体
	查; 论; 编;

降鈣素（英語：Calcitonin，又譯为抑鈣激素）是一種含有32個胺基酸的直線型多肽類激素，在人體裡是由甲狀腺的濾泡旁細胞（parafollicular cells，又稱C細胞）製造。在魚類、爬蟲類、鳥類、哺乳類身上都有發現這種激素。主要功能是降低血鈣。但降鈣素對於調節人體血液中鈣離子(Ca²⁺)的恆定通常並沒有很顯著的重要性。^[2]

主要作用

降鈣素影響了鈣離子和磷酸鹽的代謝過程，其功能多半是拮抗副甲狀腺素的作用。^[3]

降鈣素主要透過下列四種方式降低血鈣濃度：

抑制小腸對於鈣離子的吸收。^[4]
抑制蝕骨細胞（Osteoclast），減少骨骼中的鈣離子流失到血液中。^[5]
抑制腎小管對磷酸根的再吸收作用。^[6]
抑制腎小管對鈣離子的再吸收作用，增加鈣離子自尿液流失。^[6]

分泌

刺激降鈣素分泌的因素：

血漿中鈣離子濃度過高^[7]

胃泌素（gastrin）和pentagastrin的分泌。^[8]

參考資料

^ PDB 2glhAndreotti G, Méndez BL, Amodeo P, Morelli MA, Nakamuta H, Motta A. Structural determinants of salmon calcitonin bioactivity: the role of the Leu-based amphipathic alpha-helix. J. Biol. Chem. August 2006, 281 (34): 24193–203. PMID 16766525. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603528200.
^ Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Biological Actions of CT. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-05）.
^ Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Endocrine system chapter. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. 2004. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on the Small Intestine. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-06）.
^ Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on Bone. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-22）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Carney SL. Calcitonin and human renal calcium and electrolyte transport. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1997, 23 (1): 43–7. PMID 9058369.
^ Costanzo, Linda S. BRS Physiology. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. 2007: 263 [2010-10-23]. ISBN 978-0781773119. （原始内容存档于2010-09-25）.
^ Erdogan MF, Gursoy A, Kulaksizoglu M. Long-term effects of elevated gastrin levels on calcitonin secretion. J Endocrinol Invest. October 2006, 29 (9): 771–775. PMID 17114906. （原始内容存档于2016-05-15）.

延伸閲讀

MacIntyre I, Alevizaki M, Bevis PJ, Zaidi M. Calcitonin and the peptides from the calcitonin gene. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. April 1987, (217): 45–55. PMID 3549095. doi:10.1097/00003086-198704000-00007.
Di Angelantonio S, Giniatullin R, Costa V, Sokolova E, Nistri A. Modulation of neuronal nicotinic receptor function by the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P on autonomic nerve cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. July 2003, 139 (6): 1061–73. PMC 1573932 . PMID 12871824. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705337.
Findlay DM, Sexton PM. Calcitonin. Growth Factors. December 2004, 22 (4): 217–24. PMID 15621724. doi:10.1080/08977190410001728033.
Sponholz C, Sakr Y, Reinhart K, Brunkhorst F. Diagnostic value and prognostic implications of serum procalcitonin after cardiac surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Critical Care. 2007, 10 (5): R145. PMC 1751067 . PMID 17038199. doi:10.1186/cc5067.
Schneider HG, Lam QT. Procalcitonin for the clinical laboratory: a review. Pathology. August 2007, 39 (4): 383–90. PMID 17676478. doi:10.1080/00313020701444564.
Grani G, Nesca A, Del Sordo M, Calvanese A, Carbotta G, Bianchini M, Fumarola A. Interpretation of serum calcitonin in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocrine-Related Cancer (Bioscientifica). June 2012, 19 (3): 345–9. PMID 22399011. doi:10.1530/ERC-12-0013.

參見

前降钙素（英语：Procalcitonin）((PCT)/降钙素原/降血钙素)
敗血症

外部連結

The Calcitonin Protein （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Calcitonin

template:Tumor markers（英语：template:Tumor markers）

[pmid16766525-1] PDB 2glhAndreotti G, Méndez BL, Amodeo P, Morelli MA, Nakamuta H, Motta A. Structural determinants of salmon calcitonin bioactivity: the role of the Leu-based amphipathic alpha-helix. J. Biol. Chem. August 2006, 281 (34): 24193–203. PMID 16766525. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603528200.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Biological_Actions-2] Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Biological Actions of CT. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-05）.

[isbn1-4160-2328-3-3] Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Endocrine system chapter. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. 2004. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Small_Intestine-4] Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on the Small Intestine. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-06）.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Bone-5] Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on Bone. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-22）.

[pmid9058369-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Carney SL. Calcitonin and human renal calcium and electrolyte transport. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1997, 23 (1): 43–7. PMID 9058369.

[7] Costanzo, Linda S. BRS Physiology. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. 2007: 263 [2010-10-23]. ISBN 978-0781773119. （原始内容存档于2010-09-25）.

[8] Erdogan MF, Gursoy A, Kulaksizoglu M. Long-term effects of elevated gastrin levels on calcitonin secretion. J Endocrinol Invest. October 2006, 29 (9): 771–775. PMID 17114906. （原始内容存档于2016-05-15）.

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