社会异化

社会异化（英语：Social alienation）是“在个体间或个体与社群或工作环境间，低程度的社会关系和共同价值以及高程度的距离感和社会孤立所反映出的社会关系状态”。^[1]此社会学概念是由数名古典和当代的理论家发展而来^[2]，并受到多方面的学术引用，可以参照一人的心理状态（主观地）或一类社会关系（客观地）。

参考[编辑]

^ Ankony, Robert C., "The Impact of Perceived Alienation on Police Officers' Sense of Mastery and Subsequent Motivation for Proactive Enforcement", Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, vol. 22, no. 2 (1999): 120–32. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Esp., Emile Durkheim, 1951, 1984; Erich Fromm, 1941, 1955; Karl Marx, 1846, 1867; Georg Simmel, 1950, 1971; Melvin Seeman, 1959; Kalekin-Fishman, 1998, and Robert Ankony, 1999.

[robertankony.net-1] Ankony, Robert C., "The Impact of Perceived Alienation on Police Officers' Sense of Mastery and Subsequent Motivation for Proactive Enforcement", Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, vol. 22, no. 2 (1999): 120–32. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[2] Esp., Emile Durkheim, 1951, 1984; Erich Fromm, 1941, 1955; Karl Marx, 1846, 1867; Georg Simmel, 1950, 1971; Melvin Seeman, 1959; Kalekin-Fishman, 1998, and Robert Ankony, 1999.

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