降鈣素

Calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha
	NMR solution structure of salmon calcitonin in SDS micelles.
有效結構
PDB	直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查詢代碼列表
	2glh
標識
代號	CALCA; CALC1; CGRP; CGRP-I; CGRP1; CT; KC; MGC126648
擴展標識	遺傳學：114130 鼠基因：2151253 同源基因：1319 GeneCards: CALCA Gene
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· hormone activity;
細胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular space; · soluble fraction; · endoplasmic reticulum;
生物過程	· skeletal development; · G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger; · adenylate cyclase activation; · phospholipase C activation; · elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; · cell-cell signaling; · blood pressure regulation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
	更多表達數據
直系同源體
	閱; 論; 編;

降鈣素（英語：calcitonin）又稱降鈣激素、抑鈣素^[2]，是一種含有32個胺基酸的直線型多肽類激素，在人體裡是由甲狀腺的濾泡旁細胞（parafollicular cells，又稱C細胞）製造。在魚類、爬蟲類、鳥類、哺乳類身上都有發現這種激素。降鈣素主要功能是降低血鈣，但其對於調節人體血液中鈣離子的恆定通常並沒有很顯著的重要性。^[3]

主要作用[編輯]

降鈣素影響了鈣離子和磷酸鹽的代謝過程，其功能多半是拮抗副甲狀腺素的作用。^[4]

降鈣素主要透過下列四種方式降低血鈣濃度：

抑制小腸對於鈣離子的吸收。^[5]
抑制蝕骨細胞，減少骨骼中的鈣離子流失到血液中。^[6]
抑制腎小管對磷酸根的再吸收作用。^[7]
抑制腎小管對鈣離子的再吸收作用，增加鈣離子自尿液流失。^[7]

分泌[編輯]

刺激降鈣素分泌的因素：

血漿中鈣離子濃度過高^[8]

胃泌素和 pentagastrin 的分泌。^[9]

參考資料[編輯]

^ PDB 2glhAndreotti G, Méndez BL, Amodeo P, Morelli MA, Nakamuta H, Motta A. Structural determinants of salmon calcitonin bioactivity: the role of the Leu-based amphipathic alpha-helix. J. Biol. Chem. August 2006, 281 (34): 24193–203. PMID 16766525. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603528200.
^ 存档副本. [2022-11-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-27）.
^ Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Biological Actions of CT. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始內容存檔於2008-07-05）.
^ Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Endocrine system chapter. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. 2004. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on the Small Intestine. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-06）.
^ Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on Bone. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始內容存檔於2008-06-22）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Carney SL. Calcitonin and human renal calcium and electrolyte transport. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1997, 23 (1): 43–7. PMID 9058369.
^ Costanzo, Linda S. BRS Physiology. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. 2007: 263 [2010-10-23]. ISBN 978-0781773119. （原始內容存檔於2010-09-25）.
^ Erdogan MF, Gursoy A, Kulaksizoglu M. Long-term effects of elevated gastrin levels on calcitonin secretion. J Endocrinol Invest. October 2006, 29 (9): 771–775. PMID 17114906. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-15）.

延伸閲讀[編輯]

MacIntyre I, Alevizaki M, Bevis PJ, Zaidi M. Calcitonin and the peptides from the calcitonin gene. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. April 1987, (217): 45–55. PMID 3549095. doi:10.1097/00003086-198704000-00007.
Di Angelantonio S, Giniatullin R, Costa V, Sokolova E, Nistri A. Modulation of neuronal nicotinic receptor function by the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P on autonomic nerve cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. July 2003, 139 (6): 1061–73. PMC 1573932 . PMID 12871824. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705337.
Findlay DM, Sexton PM. Calcitonin. Growth Factors. December 2004, 22 (4): 217–24. PMID 15621724. doi:10.1080/08977190410001728033.
Sponholz C, Sakr Y, Reinhart K, Brunkhorst F. Diagnostic value and prognostic implications of serum procalcitonin after cardiac surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Critical Care. 2007, 10 (5): R145. PMC 1751067 . PMID 17038199. doi:10.1186/cc5067.
Schneider HG, Lam QT. Procalcitonin for the clinical laboratory: a review. Pathology. August 2007, 39 (4): 383–90. PMID 17676478. doi:10.1080/00313020701444564.
Grani G, Nesca A, Del Sordo M, Calvanese A, Carbotta G, Bianchini M, Fumarola A. Interpretation of serum calcitonin in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocrine-Related Cancer (Bioscientifica). June 2012, 19 (3): 345–9. PMID 22399011. doi:10.1530/ERC-12-0013.

參見[編輯]

前降鈣素（英語：Procalcitonin）((PCT)/降鈣素原/降血鈣素)
敗血症

外部連結[編輯]

The Calcitonin Protein （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Calcitonin

template:Tumor markers（英語：template:Tumor markers）

[pmid16766525-1] PDB 2glhAndreotti G, Méndez BL, Amodeo P, Morelli MA, Nakamuta H, Motta A. Structural determinants of salmon calcitonin bioactivity: the role of the Leu-based amphipathic alpha-helix. J. Biol. Chem. August 2006, 281 (34): 24193–203. PMID 16766525. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603528200.

[2] 存档副本. [2022-11-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-27）.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Biological_Actions-3] Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Biological Actions of CT. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始內容存檔於2008-07-05）.

[isbn1-4160-2328-3-4] Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Endocrine system chapter. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. 2004. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Small_Intestine-5] Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on the Small Intestine. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-06）.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Bone-6] Costoff A. Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Effects of CT on Bone. Medical College of Georgia. [2008-08-07]. （原始內容存檔於2008-06-22）.

[pmid9058369-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Carney SL. Calcitonin and human renal calcium and electrolyte transport. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1997, 23 (1): 43–7. PMID 9058369.

[8] Costanzo, Linda S. BRS Physiology. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. 2007: 263 [2010-10-23]. ISBN 978-0781773119. （原始內容存檔於2010-09-25）.

[9] Erdogan MF, Gursoy A, Kulaksizoglu M. Long-term effects of elevated gastrin levels on calcitonin secretion. J Endocrinol Invest. October 2006, 29 (9): 771–775. PMID 17114906. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-15）.

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