维基百科:删除程序
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本页在英语维基百科的对应页是一项删除指引，但在中文维基百科尚未达成共识，內容仅供参考。 请参照英语版的对应页或讨论页以进一步完善內容，提议和参与讨论其是否可以成为中文维基百科的正式方针或指引。 |
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当前维基百科页面的内容正在依照其他语言维基百科的内容进行翻译。（2018年3月17日） 如果您熟知条目内容并擅长翻译，欢迎协助改善或校对此页面，长期闲置的非中文内容可能会被移除。 |
删除流程是执行并记录社群对页面或檔案存废的流程。
中文维基百科主要有两种删除方式。如果页面满足特定标准，就可能被快速删除。如果页面不满足此，则需要在存废讨论中形成后共识方可删除。一般，管理员用户会负责关闭这些讨论；然而，声誉良好的非管理员用户也可能在特定情况下（见章节非管理员关闭讨论）关闭讨论。
注：基金會行動， 維基媒體基金會理事會或系统管理员的声明——特别是设计版权问题、法律问题或服务器负载——可能凌驾于社群共识之上。
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目录
快速刪除[编辑]
The speedy deletion process applies to pages which meet at least one of the criteria for speedy deletion, which specify the only cases in which administrators have broad consensus support to, at their discretion, bypass deletion discussion and immediately delete Wikipedia pages or media.
Before deleting a page through the speedy deletion process, verify that it meets at least one of the criteria for speedy deletion, check the page history to assess whether it would instead be possible to revert and salvage a previous version and to determine whether there was a cut-and-paste move involved, and search for other information which may impact the need or reason for deletion:
- The initial edit summary may have information about the source of or reason for the page.
- The talk page may refer to previous deletion discussions or have ongoing discussion relevant to including the page.
- The page log may have information about previous deletions that could warrant SALTing the page or keeping it.
- WhatLinksHere may show that the page is an oft-referred part of the encyclopedia, or may show other similar pages that warrant deletion. For pages that should not be recreated, incoming links in other pages (except in discussions, archives and tracking pages) should be removed.
If a page is not appropriate for speedy deletion, the page must be edited to remove the speedy deletion tag—this will, in turn, remove the page from Category:Candidates for speedy deletion. Consider notifying the editor who suggested deletion.
When deleting a page through the speedy deletion process, specify the reason for deletion in the deletion summary so that it will be recorded into the deletion log. Quoting page content in the deletion summary may be helpful, but must not be done for attack content or copyrighted text. In some cases, it would be appropriate to notify the page's creator of the deletion.
存废讨论[编辑]
存废讨论程序适用于頁面存廢討論正式提刪的页面。
共识[编辑]
共识由通过深思熟虑，详细分析并最终综合各方论点而达成，且不应该完全由投票抵消得出。
结果应该反映存废讨论和更大范围社群的达成的大致共识。（虽然共识可以改变，但有限编辑团体间一时一地形成的共识，无法覆盖更大范围社群的共识。）
如果发生了不合适的拉票，就需要评估这是否在某种程度上破坏了正常共识形成应得的讨论结果。
對不當行為的關注[编辑]
- Inappropriate canvassing and suspected meatpuppetry: Evaluate whether it has influenced the outcome of the discussion in a way that compromised the standard consensus-building process. If appropriate, remind participants that deletion discussions are not a vote, and link to a suitable information page. Remember to assume good faith in your tone - the participants may well intend to help by doing what they think is right.
- Sock-puppetry: If blatant, individual comments may be tagged (this is likely to be seen as lacking good faith or offensive if the case is not clear). If unsure, report as usual for suspected sock-puppetry, and indicate your concern and reason in the debate for the closer and future participants, but in a way that addresses the debate rather than attacking the user.
- Conflict between the views expressed and Wikipedia's policies and guidelines (e.g., an inappropriate supermajority view without an appropriate basis): Remember that you have quite a few options. These include commenting yourself, rather than closing, or extending the period of discussion, noting this is done due to concerns and to allow other editors to comment. Also remember that nobody is obligated to close a discussion, nor is it crucial that a discussion be closed immediately once its week-long run has ended.
常见结果[编辑]
存废讨论可能是几种截然不同的结果之一，特定的存废讨论场更可能出现特定的结果。然而所有场所都有三种常见结果：保留、删除和无共识。
保留结果反映保留页面的大致共识，虽然并不一定以其当前的状态保留。欲执行“保留”结果：以“保留”关闭存废讨论；编辑页面移除删除标签；选择一种场所特定模板，在页面的讨论页记录结果（见分步介绍获取细节）。
删除结果反映页面应当连同全部历史记录一并移除（如无法保留）。欲执行“删除”结果：以“删除”关闭存废讨论；删除页面，并在删除摘要中链接删除讨论；同时，如果不应再次创建此页面，请移除其它页面的链入（讨论、存档和跟踪页面除外）。
无共识结果反映页面没有形成任何一种行动的大致共识。欲执行“无共识”结果：以“无共识”关闭存废讨论；编辑页面移除删除标签；选择一种场所特定模板，在页面的讨论页记录结果（见分步介绍获取细节）。
注：在有关相对不知名、非公开人物的Wikipedia:生者传记存废讨论中，如果主题被请求删除且没有形成保留的大致共识，可能根据删除守则以“删除”关闭。
- 其它依据讨论场所的结果
其它结果包括但不限于：
- WP:AFD：“incubate”“合并”“重定向”“拆分”和“移动至用户页”
- WP:CFD：“快速重命名”“重命名”“合并”（包括“并入上级”）“拆分”和“改为列表”
- WP:FFD：“删除，并允许在an appropriate licence时恢复/重新上传”
- WP:MFD：“移动至用户页”
- WP:TFD：“重定向”
- WP:RFD：“消歧义化”和“改变重定向”
| Outcome | Commonly used for | Details |
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| Keep | All | A rough consensus to retain (i.e. not delete) a page, though not necessarily in its current form. To implement a 'keep' outcome: close the deletion discussion as 'keep'; edit the page to remove the deletion notice; and record the outcome on the page's talk page using one of several venue-specific templates (see 'Step-by-step instructions' for details). |
| Delete | All | A rough consensus to remove (i.e. not retain) a page, including its entire revision history. To implement a 'delete' outcome: close the deletion discussion as 'delete'; delete the page, and link to the deletion discussion in the deletion summary; and, if the page should not be recreated, remove incoming links in other pages (except in discussions, archives and tracking pages). |
| No consensus | All | A lack of a rough consensus for any one particular action. To implement a 'no consensus' outcome: close the deletion discussion as 'no consensus'; edit the page to remove the deletion notice; and record the outcome on the page's talk page using one of several venue-specific templates (see 'Step-by-step instructions' for details). |
| Move (non-category pages), or Rename (categories) |
All | Issues to be addressed by changing the page title (and perhaps then expanding or improving its content). This can happen at AFD especially, if the article could be suitable for Wikipedia, but is created under an inappropriate title, and was nominated for deletion, but consensus agrees it is fixable if the title is changed. Categories require a different method than other pages:
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| Merge | Articles, categories, templates | This combines two separate pages into a single page. Merge votes should be specific and clear. If you wish to merge templates or categories, use the deletion discussions. If you wish to merge articles, do not use a deletion discussion, but instead discuss it on the talk page. |
| Disambiguate (or "Dabify") | Articles, redirects | If the discussion concludes that the title can refer to many topics, it can be changed to a disambiguation page to list all of them. |
| Redirect | Articles, templates, miscellaneous pages | This would be used if the page has no unique and usable content, but information about the topic is found in another article. |
| Userfy | Articles, templates, miscellaneous pages | This would move the page into the creator's userspace so that they may make improvements. If Wikipedia essays are nominated, they will sometimes be moved to userspace if they are found to violate policies or guidelines. |
| Incubate (or "Draftify") | Articles | This changes the article into a draft to be improved so that it meets inclusion requirements. |
| Delete but allow undeleting with an appropriate licence | Files | If a file is only deleted due to copyright issues, it could be re-uploaded if these issues are resolved |
| Listify | Categories | This means to delete the category and create a list article instead. |
| Retarget | Redirects | This means that the redirect should lead to a different page. |
程序性关闭[编辑]
特定情况下存废讨论可能需要“程序性关闭”——依据删除提刪的情况而非讨论页面的理据，执行无结果关闭。程序性关闭可能包括以下几种情况：
- 被提刪页面没有标记相应的提删标签。讨论关闭者可以酌情给被提刪页面挂上删除标记，并将其重新列入讨论，而非将其关闭。
- 提刪页面当前正被Wikipedia:首页链入。（如果有法律疑虑，请在提刪删除前将其报告到Wikipedia:Main Page/Errors并等待链接移除）
- 在上次存废讨论结果出来后，立刻再次提刪挑战上次的结果。这种情况无疑存废复核请求更为合适。
- 将存废讨论放入错误的场所，比如，讨论存放在維基共享資源的文件，或是在档案存废讨论提删分类。
不能仅以格式糟糕来关闭存废讨论，以便避免伤害新用户。
提前关闭[编辑]
一般而言，存废讨论应该至少开放7天，以便给有兴趣的编辑充足的参与时间。然而，特定情况下，讨论可以在7天内关闭。快速关闭讨论的執行者应该要有良好的判断力，因为通常最好是让讨论继续进行，达到完整的7天周期。
| 撤销提刪 | 提刪人可以隨時撤回提刪。但是，如果後來有人增加了實質性評論，那麼討論就不應該提前結束，提刪不應該被撤回。
While the nominator may withdraw their nomination at any time, if subsequent editors have suggested an outcome besides keep or added substantive comments unrelated to deletion, the discussion should not be closed simply because the nominator wishes to withdraw it.
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| 快速保留 | 當提刪毫無疑問是為了破壞或擾亂為目的時可用“快速保留”。例如： |
| 快速刪除 | 當被提刪頁面至少符合快速刪除標準之一，特別是G3或G12時（攻擊性頁面），無需等到討論期結束即可刪除。 |
| 侵犯版權 | 若被提刪頁面侵犯版權，請轉送疑似侵權討論並關閉討論，無需等到討論期結束。 |
| 雪球法則 | 當討論的結果幾乎是確定（就好比地獄中沒有雪球存在的可能）的時候可用。
注意： “雪球法則”的存在只是為了避免「只是為了走過場而完成程序」的情況發生，它不應在討論結果僅是“可能”或“很有可能”或者存在真實和合理的分歧時使用。 The "snowball clause" exists to avoid process for the sake of process, or when the outcome of the deletion discussion is, or has become, almost certain, such that there is not a "snowball's chance in hell" that the outcome will be anything other than what is expected, and there is clearly no need at all to prolong discussion further. This clause should not be used to close a discussion when a particular outcome is merely "likely" or "highly likely", and there is a genuine and reasoned basis for disagreement. This is because deletion discussions are not a vote; it is important to be reasonably sure that there is little or no chance of accidentally excluding significant input or perspectives, or changing the weight of different views, if closed early. Especially, closers should beware of interpreting "early pile on" as necessarily showing how a discussion will end up. This can sometimes happen when a topic attracts high levels of attention from those engaged (or having a specific view) but slower attention from other less involved editors, perhaps with other points of view. It can sometimes be better to allow a few extra days even if current discussion seems very clearly to hold one opinion, to be sure that it really will be a snowball and as a courtesy to be sure that no significant input will be excluded if closed very soon. |
人数不足[编辑]
如果除了提刪者外，提删没有获得其他意见（或AfD的少数情况），讨论可能会关闭。常见的选择包括但不限于：
- 重新列入讨论（见重新列入讨论章节）；
- 以“允许立刻再次提刪”（NPASR）而“无共识”关闭；
- 以提删者所述意见关闭。
重啟討論[编辑]
存廢討論的目的是尋找應否刪除一篇條目的共識。
但是，如果在最初的七天結束時，討論只有少數參與者（包括提刪人），並且/或者缺乏基於方針的論點，則可能適合重啟討論，以徵求進一步的討論，確定共識。重啟的討論可能會在確定共識之後結束，而不必再等待七天。
雖然如此，重啟討論不應該取代“未達成共識”的結論。如果關閉人認為已有實質性的討論，已有不同基於方針的意見被表達出來，但沒有達成共識，那麼可能會作無共識保留。
我們不建議多次重啟討論以期獲得充分的參與。一般來說，討論不應重啟超過兩次。用戶在第三次（或更多）重啟辯論，或者在已經有大量用戶參與而仍然重啟討論時，應該（除{{relist}}模板之外）簡短地解釋為什麼他們認為辯論是不足夠的。
當重啟討論時，應該從最初提報的存廢討論頁中刪除，並移至當前日期的存廢討論中繼續討論。重啟討論的原因可以在{{relist}}模板中指出。
非管理員結束存廢討論[编辑]
一般來說，管理員負責關閉刪除討論。然而，當討論被積壓時，有良好信譽的非管理人員可以結束刪除討論，並附以下規定：
- 刪除討論必須根據共識決定並考慮維基百科的政策和指導方針。如果您不熟悉刪除政策或刪除討論的工作，請避免結束討論。
- 非管理者不應在他們缺乏對結果採取技術性行動的情形下結束討論。
- 關閉爭議討論的決定最好留給管理員。
- 如果管理員刪除了一個頁面，包括快速刪除，但忘記關閉討論，那麼任何人都可以關閉討論，但應把管理員名稱和刪除摘要包含在關閉理由中。
- 應避免關閉您曾提出意見的討論，或者關於您有既得利益的頁面（即您編輯過的頁面）。唯一的例外是如果您撤回提刪以作快速保留，且所有其他觀點都是保留的。
建議非管理員在關閉刪除討論時在關閉理由中公佈其非管理員身份。請注意任何管理員都可能會重新審核決定。
特殊情況[编辑]
跨維基項目[编辑]
如果得出的共識是應該轉移至其他維基項目，但您不想立即完成跨維基過程，那麼請將適當的標籤添加到文章中：
有許多修訂的頁面[编辑]
刪除有長修訂歷史的頁面可能會影響伺服器性能。因此，作為預防措施，刪除多於5,000次修訂的頁面需要管理員沒有的特殊“bigdelete”權限。需要作出此操作者可以在meta:Steward requests/Miscellaneous中向管理員請求。
