严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型
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严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒1型![]() | |
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SARS病毒的电子显微镜图片 | |
病毒分类 ![]() | |
(未分级): | 病毒 Virus |
域: | 核糖病毒域 Riboviria |
界: | 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae |
门: | 小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota |
纲: | 小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes |
目: | 套式病毒目 Nidovirales |
科: | 冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae |
属: | 乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus |
亚属: | SARS乙型冠状病毒亚属 Sarbecovirus |
种: | 严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus |
毒株: | 严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒1型
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus |
异名 | |
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严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型[2](英语:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1,SARS-CoV-1),简称SARS冠状病毒或SARS病毒,旧称严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(英语:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,SARS-CoV),是冠状病毒科乙型冠状病毒属严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒种的一个分型,可引发严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)[3]。2003年4月16日,世界卫生组织发布新闻稿,确认SARS冠状病毒是SARS的病原体。纽约、旧金山、马尼拉,香港和多伦多的实验室存放了SARS冠状病毒的标本。
2003年4月,美国疾病控制与预防中心和加拿大国家微生物学实验室识别了SARS冠状病毒的基因[4][5]。伊拉斯姆斯大学的研究者证实,SARS冠状病毒满足柯霍氏法则,因此可以确认是SARS的病原体。实验中,感染该疾病的猕猴表现出和人类相同的症状[6]。
2019冠状病毒病有很多和SARS相似的病症,这种疾病的病原体被认为是严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒的另一个分型,称为严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)。尽管SARS冠状病毒和SARS-CoV-2被分类为同一个物种,SARS-CoV-2不是SARS冠状病毒的直接后代,而是分别传播给人类的。
疾病
[编辑]SARS是SARS冠状病毒引起的严重疾病,通常以肌肉疼痛、头痛和发烧等全身症状为特征,并于2-14天内出现咳嗽、呼吸困难和肺炎等呼吸道症状[7]。SARS患者血液中循环的淋巴细胞数量也常常会减少[8]。
2003年的SARS事件中,SARS冠状病毒感染的确诊患者中有9%死亡[9]。60岁以上人群死亡率更高,接近50%[9]。
历史
[编辑]2003年4月12日,温哥华迈克尔·史密斯基因组科学中心的研究者完成了SARS冠状病毒基因序列的绘制。[10]此后,其它课题组也确认了SARS冠状病毒的序列。2003年5月底,研究者调查了在广东市场上作为食品出售的野生动物样本,并从果子狸的样本中分离出了SARS冠状病毒,但这些动物并不总能显示出临床体征。初步结论是,SARS病毒越过了物种屏障,从果子狸传播到人类。广东省1万多只果子狸被捕杀。之后,鼬獾、貉和家猫也被发现是SARS病毒的宿主。2005年,两项研究调查了中国蝙蝠携带的SARS类似冠状病毒[11][12],这些病毒的系统发育分析表明,SARS冠状病毒很可能起源于蝙蝠,并直接传播给人类,或通过中国市场上的动物传播给人类。蝙蝠未显示任何明显的疾病迹象,但可能是SARS类似冠状病毒的天然宿主。2006年底,研究者建立了鼠类和人类中出现的SARS冠状病毒之间的遗传联系,并认为SARS已完成跨物种跳跃[13]。2017年,石正丽等人的研究发现,SARS病毒可能起源于云南菊头蝠携带的SARS相关冠状病毒[14]。
病毒学
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SARS_CoV.jpg/220px-SARS_CoV.jpg)
SARS冠状病毒具有冠状病毒科典型的复制策略。2003年的研究表明,SARS冠状病毒主要的人类受体是血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)[15]。
演化树
[编辑]截至2021年1月[update],SARS-CoV与相关病毒株的系统发生树:
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SARS-CoV-2 79 % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
参考文献
[编辑]引用
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外部链接
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维基物种上的相关信息:严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒1型
参见
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