閉後圓唇元音
闭后圆唇元音 | |||
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u | |||
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国际音标编号 | 308 | ||
编码 | |||
HTML码 十进制 | u |
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Unicode 十六进制 | U+0075 | ||
X-SAMPA音标 | u |
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ASCII音标 | u |
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声音 | |||
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閉後圓唇元音是元音的一種。用於部份口說語言當中。國際音標用以表示此音的符號為〈u〉;而X-SAMPA則以 u
代表此音。
普通话的韵母u就是此音。
在多數有此音的語言中,此音以唇內('endolabial')的方式發音;然而在少部份的狀況下,此音以唇外('exolabial')的方式發音。
閉後突出元音[编辑]
閉後突出元音是閉後圓唇元音最常見的變體。它通常在IPA中被轉錄為〈u〉,本文中亦依照此慣例。由於沒有專門用於表示「突出」(英语:protruded)的IPA變音符號,因此可以使用表示唇化作用的舊式符號〈 ̫〉,即〈u̫〉。另一種可能的寫法是〈uʷ〉 或 〈ɯʷ〉(被唇內化的閉後元音),然而這有可能被理解為一個雙元音。
特徵[编辑]
IPA:元音 | ||||||||||||||||||
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- 其元音圓唇度為突出,即將嘴角聚拢,且嘴唇內側向外露出。
閉後不突出元音[编辑]
閉後不突出元音 | |
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u͍ | |
ɯᵝ | |
声音 | |
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在瑞典語、日語等語言中,其閉後元音使用了一種特別的圓唇方式,這樣的情況被稱作「不突出」(compressed)或唇外音(exolabial)。[1]已知的語言中僅有上海話擁有與突出元音互相對比的的閉後元音。但事實上,兩個元音的高度都可以從可以在閉到半閉之間自由變化。[2]
特徵[编辑]
- 其元音圓唇度為不突出,即嘴唇的邊緣緊繃而聚在一起,且嘴唇內側不向外露出。
註釋[编辑]
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 295.
- ^ Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), pp. 328–329.
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