閉後圓唇元音

闭后圆唇元音
u
图像
国际音标编号	308
编码
HTML码 十进制	u
Unicode 十六进制	U+0075
X-SAMPA音标	u
ASCII音标	u
声音

閉後圓唇元音是元音的一種。用於部份口說語言當中。國際音標用以表示此音的符號為〈u〉；而X-SAMPA則以 u代表此音。

普通话的韵母u就是此音。

在多數有此音的語言中，此音以唇內('endolabial')的方式發音；然而在少部份的狀況下，此音以唇外('exolabial')的方式發音。

閉後突出元音

閉後突出元音是閉後圓唇元音最常見的變體。它通常在IPA中被轉錄為〈u〉，本文中亦依照此慣例。由於沒有專門用於表示「突出」（英语：protruded）的IPA變音符號，因此可以使用表示唇化作用的舊式符號〈  ̫〉，即〈u̫〉。另一種可能的寫法是〈uʷ〉 或 〈ɯʷ〉（被唇內化的閉後元音），然而這有可能被理解為一個雙元音。

特徵

IPA：元音
前 次前 央 次後 後 閉 i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ̈ ɯ̽ ʊ e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o e̞ ø̞ ə ɵ̞ ɤ̞ o̞ ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɞ̞ a ɶ ä ɒ̈ ɑ ɒ 次閉 半閉 中 半開 次開 開
成對的音標分別是不圓唇 • 圓唇元音

• 其元音高度為閉，這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦，但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。

• 其元音舌位是後，表示舌頭的位置會盡可能地朝向口腔後部，但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。

• 其元音圓唇度為突出，即將嘴角聚拢，且嘴唇內側向外露出。

閉後不突出元音

閉後不突出元音
u͍
ɯᵝ
声音

在瑞典語、日語等語言中，其閉後元音使用了一種特別的圓唇方式，這樣的情況被稱作「不突出」（compressed）或唇外音（exolabial）。已知的語言中僅有上海話擁有與突出元音互相對比的的閉後元音。但事實上，兩個元音的高度都可以從可以在閉到半閉之間自由變化。

特徵

• 其元音高度為閉，這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦，但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。

• 其元音舌位是後，表示舌頭的位置會盡可能地朝向口腔後部，但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。

• 其元音圓唇度為不突出，即嘴唇的邊緣緊繃而聚在一起，且嘴唇內側不向外露出。

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