閉後圓唇元音
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| 閉後圓唇元音 | |
|---|---|
| u | |
| IPA編號 | 308 |
| 編碼 | |
| HTML碼（十進制） |
u |
| Unicode碼（十六進制） | U+0075 |
| X-SAMPA音標 |
u |
| ASCII音標 |
u |
| 音頻範例 | |
|
| |
閉後圓唇元音是元音的一種。用於部份口說語言當中。國際音標用以表示此音的符號為⟨u⟩；而X-SAMPA則以 u代表此音。
普通话的韵母u就是此音。
在多數有此音的語言中，此音以唇內('endolabial')的方式發音；然而在少部份的狀況下，此音以唇外('exolabial')的方式發音。
閉後突出元音[编辑]
閉後突出元音是閉後圓唇元音最常見的變體。它通常在IPA中被轉錄為⟨u⟩，本文中亦依照此慣例。由於沒有專門用於表示「突出」（英語：protruded）的IPA變音符號，因此可以使用表示唇化作用的舊式符號⟨ ̫⟩，即⟨u̫⟩。另一種可能的寫法是⟨uʷ⟩ 或 ⟨ɯʷ⟩（被唇內化的閉後元音），然而這有可能被理解為一個雙元音。
特徵[编辑]
| 國際音標：元音 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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表內成對的元音分別為不圓唇／圓唇。 |
- 其圓唇度為圓唇元音，這表示嘴唇向前突起並圓形的開口，且唇內側並不露出。
- 其元音圓唇度為突出，即將嘴角聚拢，且嘴唇內側向外露出。
閉後不突出元音[编辑]
| 閉後不突出元音 | |
|---|---|
| u͍ | |
| ɯᵝ | |
| 音頻範例 | |
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在瑞典語、日語等語言中，其閉後元音使用了一種特別的圓唇方式，這樣的情況被稱作「不突出」（compressed）或唇外音（exolabial）。[1]已知的語言中僅有上海話擁有與突出元音互相對比的的閉後元音。但事實上，兩個元音的高度都可以從可以在閉到半閉之間自由變化。[2]
特徵[编辑]
- 其元音圓唇度為不突出，即嘴唇的邊緣緊繃而聚在一起，且嘴唇內側不向外露出。
註釋[编辑]
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)， p. 295.
- ^ Chen & Gussenhoven (2015)， pp. 328–329.
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