《麻醉品单一公约 》(英語:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs )是反对违法 麻醉药物 制造和走私的国际条约 ,它形成全球药品控制制度的基础。以前的条约只控制鸦片 、古柯 和衍生物(如海洛因 和可卡因 )。1961年采用的这一单一公约拓宽了范围(比如加入了以前不包括在内的大麻 ,成为世界上第一个禁止大麻的国际条约。但2020年12月7日。大麻从该条约中被移除。),允许控制具有与条约中指定药品相似影响的任何药品。麻醉药品委员会和世界卫生组织 得到授权,可以在四个控制物质日程中增加、删除和移动药品。国际麻醉药管制委员会 (INCB)负责控制药品生产、贸易和分配。联合国药物管制与预防犯罪办事厅代表INCB进行日常工作,监督每个国家的状况,与国家当局协作,保证与该单一公约的一致性。这一条约已由《精神药物公约 》(控制LSD 、MDMA 和其它改变思维 的药物)和《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约 》(加强打击洗钱 和其它与药品有关的违法行为)做了补充。
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