格里高利圣咏

The Introit Gaudeamus omnes, scripted in square notation in the 14th—15th century Graduale Aboense, honors Henry, patron saint of Finland.

額我略聖歌（英语：Gregorian chant），是西方单声圣歌的主要传统，是一种单声部、无伴奏的罗马天主教宗教音乐。額我略聖歌主要是在第9世纪和第10世纪，法兰克人到达西欧和中欧期间发展起来，后来继续有所增加和编写。通常人们认为是教宗额我略一世发明了格里高利圣咏，但学者们认为是在后来的加洛林王朝时期，综合了罗马圣咏和高卢圣咏而形成。

格里高利圣咏共有8种调式。传统上，格里高利圣咏由男人或男孩组成的唱诗班在教堂中演唱。

历史

早期单声圣歌的发展

在基督教会最初的时期，无伴奏的歌唱就已经是基督教礼拜仪式的一部分。直到1990年代中期，古犹太圣诗对早期基督教仪式和圣诗的影响得到广泛公认。但这一观点已不被学者接受，因为分析显示大部分早期基督教圣诗并没有歌本，而这些圣诗在公元70年第二圣殿被毁后，已经有数百年未在犹太会堂中演唱了。 不过，早期基督教仪式却是融合了犹太仪式的元素，保存在后来的圣咏传统中。祈祷时刻来源于犹太的祷告时间，“阿们”和“哈利路亚”都来自于希伯来语。

新约中提到，在最后晚餐中唱了圣诗：“他们唱了诗，就出来往橄榄山去。”。

新传统的起源

根据传说，圣灵化为鸽子降临教宗額我略一世，口授格里高利圣咏。

参考资料

• Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 2-85274-094-X
• Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
• Apel, Willi. Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-253-20601-4. 
• Crocker, Richard. The Early Medieval Sequence. University of California Press. 1977. ISBN 0-520-02847-3. 
• Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02807-0
• Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-816572-2. 
• Hoppin, Richard, ed. Anthology of Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09080-9. 
• Hoppin, Richard. Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09090-6. 
• Le Mee, Catherine. Chant : The Origins, Form, Practice, and Healing Power of Gregorian Chant. Harmony. 1994. ISBN 0-517-70037-9. 
• Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33752-6
• McKinnon, James, ed. Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Prentice Hall. 1990. ISBN 0-13-036153-4. 
• Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed. Women in Music. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1996. ISBN 1-55553-240-3. 
• Parrish, Carl. A Treasury of Early Music. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc. 1986. ISBN 0-486-41088-9. 
• Robinson, Ray, ed. Choral Music. W.W. Norton & Co. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09062-0. 
• Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
• Wilson, David. Music of the Middle Ages. Schirmer Books. 1990. ISBN 0-02-872951-X. 

外部链接

• Geoffrey Chew and Richard Rastall: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006), (subscription access)
• sites of abbeys and schola according to the method of Dom Gajard. Gregedit Gregorian Software[1]
• H. Bewerung: "Gregorian chant", Catholic Encyclopedia, [2]
• Joseph Dyer: "Roman Catholic Church Music", Section VI.1, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 28 June 2006), (subscription access)
• David Hiley and Janka Szendrei: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 June 2006), (subscription access)
• Kenneth Levy: "Plainchant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 20 January 2006), (subscription access)
• William P. Mahrt: "Gregorian Chant as a Paradigm of Sacred Music," Sacred Music, 133.3, pp. 5-14 online at MusicaSacra.com
• James W. McKinnon: "Christian Church, music of the early", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 11 July 2006), (subscription access)
• Canticum Novum, Lessons on Gregorian Chant: Notation, characteristics, rhythm, modes, the psalmody and scores at http://interletras.com/canticum/Eng/index1_Eng.html
• Justine Ward, "The Reform of Church Music," Atlantic Monthly, April 1906 online at Musicasacra.com
• Liber usualis online - MIDI Collection of Traditional Catholic Hymns and chants http://romaaeterna.jp//

参见

• Cecilian Movement