国花
维基百科,自由的百科全书
国花是指一個國家用來作為自己國家象徵的花。国花一般对一个国家的文化别具意义,可能是当地特别著名的花卉。
目录 |
[编辑] 世界各国国花
[编辑] 亚洲 |
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| 梅花 | ||||
| 天女木蘭 (Magnolia sieboldii)[1] |
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| 木槿 (Hibiscus syriacus)[2] |
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| 菊花(代表日本天皇家族) | ||||
| 牡丹五桠果(黃花第倫桃、星果木) (Dillenia suffruticosa)[3] |
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| 鸡蛋花 (Plumeria)[3] |
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| 紫檀[3] (Pterocarpus_indicus) |
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| 金链花[3] (Cassia_fistula) |
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| 大红花(红色朱槿)[3] (Hibiskus rosa-sinensis) |
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| 双瓣茉莉[4] (Jasminum sambac) 白花蝴蝶兰[3][4] (Phalaenopsis amabilis) 阿诺尔特大花草[4] (Rafflesia arnoldii) |
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| 卓錦萬代蘭 (Vanda 'Miss Joaquim')[3] |
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| 双瓣茉莉[3] (Jasminum sambac) |
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| 莲花[3] (Nelumbo nucifera) |
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| 荷花 (Nelumbo nucifera) 菩提树 (Ficus religiosa) |
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| 樹形杜鵑 (Rhododendron arboreum)[5] |
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| 大花綠絨蒿 (Meconopsis grandis)[6] |
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| 柔毛睡蓮 (Nymphaea pubescens)[7] |
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| 藍睡蓮 (Nymphaea stellata)[8] |
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| 郁金香 | ||||
| 水仙 | ||||
| 秀英花 (Jasminum officinale)[9] |
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| 大馬士革月季 | ||||
| 月季(红色) | ||||
| 黑花鳶尾 (Iris nigricans)[10] |
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| 孔雀、百日菊 | ||||
| 咖啡 | ||||
| 月季 | ||||
| 雪松 | ||||
| 银莲花、油橄欖 | ||||
[编辑] 欧洲 |
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| 帚石楠 | ||||
| 欧洲白蜡 | ||||
| 铃兰 | ||||
| 向日葵 | ||||
| 三色堇 | ||||
| 椴树 | ||||
| 矢车菊 | ||||
| 洋李、铃兰 | ||||
| 天竺葵 | ||||
| 狗蔷薇 | ||||
| 玫瑰 | ||||
| 薔薇(紅/白) | ||||
| 白车轴草 | ||||
| 鸢尾、百合 | ||||
| 郁金香 | ||||
| 虞美人、杜鹃花 | ||||
| 月季 | ||||
| 石竹 | ||||
| 香石竹 | ||||
| 薰衣草、雁来红 | ||||
| 高山薄雪草 | ||||
| 高山薄雪草 | ||||
| 雏菊、月季 | ||||
| 仙客来 | ||||
| 矢车菊 | ||||
| 油橄榄 | ||||
| 薊 | ||||
| 塞浦路斯仙客來 (Cyclamen cyprium)[11] |
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| 紅花三葉草 (Trifolium pratense)[12] |
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| 仙女木 (Dryas octopetala)[13] |
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| 法國菊 (Leucanthemum vulgare)[14] |
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[编辑] 北美洲 |
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| 糖楓 | ||||
| 月季/玫瑰 | ||||
| 丝兰 | ||||
| 香石竹 | ||||
| 百合(薑黄色) | ||||
| 刺葵 | ||||
| 桃花心木 | ||||
| 黃蝴蝶花 (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)[15] |
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| 黃鐘花 (Tecoma stans)[16] |
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| 章魚蘭 (Prosthechea cochleata)[17] |
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| 葛麗雅蘭 (Guarianthe skinneri)[18] |
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| 蝴蝶薑 (Hedychium coronarium)[19] |
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| 白花捧心蘭 (Lycaste skinneri var. alba)[20] |
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| 愈疮木 (Guaiacum officinale)[21] |
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| 大丽花 (Dahlia)[22] |
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| 鴿子蘭 (Peristeria elata)[23] |
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| 鳳凰木 (Delonix regia)[24] |
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| 紅緞花 (Warszewiczia coccinea)[25] |
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[编辑] 南美洲 |
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| 白兰花 | ||||
| 嘉德麗雅蘭 | ||||
| 雞冠刺桐 (Erythrina crista-galli)[26] |
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| 三色印加聖花 (Catua buxifolia, Kantuta Tricolor) 金鳥赫蕉 (Heliconia rostrata)[27] |
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| 智利風鈴草 (Lapageria rosea)[28] |
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| 崔氏嘉德麗雅蘭 (Cattleya trianae)[29] |
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| 王蓮 (Victoria amazonica)[30] |
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| 印加聖花 (Cantua buxifolia)[31] |
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| 雞冠刺桐 (Erythrina crista-galli)[32] |
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| 莫氏嘉德麗雅蘭 (Cattleya mossiae)[33] |
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[编辑] 大洋洲 |
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| 密花金合歡 (Acacia pycnantha)[34] |
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| 大溪地梔子 (Gardenia taitensis)[35] |
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| 沃氏野牡丹藤 (Medinilla waterhousei)[36] |
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| 葛塔德木 (Guettarda speciosa)[35] |
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| 桫椤、四翅槐 | ||||
| 紅花月桃 (Alpinia purpurata)[37] |
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[编辑] 非洲 |
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| 睡莲 | ||||
| 石榴 | ||||
| 素馨 | ||||
| 夹竹桃、鸢尾 | ||||
| 玫瑰、香石竹 | ||||
| 猴面包树 | ||||
| 胡椒 | ||||
| 海枣 | ||||
| 扶桑 | ||||
| 丁香、月季 | ||||
| 火焰树 | ||||
| 叶子花 | ||||
| 螺旋蘆薈 (Aloe polyphylla)[38] |
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| 耳環樹 (Trochetia boutoniana)[39] |
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| 帝王花 (Protea cynaroides)[40] |
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| 嘉兰 (Gloriosa superba)[41] |
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| 凤凰木、旅人蕉 | ||||
| 凤尾兰 | ||||
[编辑] 中國的國花
中華民國的國花是梅花。梅有三蕾五瓣,代表三民主義及五權憲法,且梅花凌冬耐寒,其所表現的堅貞剛潔,足為國民效法。梅開五瓣,象徵五族共和,具有敦五倫、重五常、敷五教的意義;而梅花「枝橫」、「影斜」、「曳疏」、「傲霜」同時亦代表易經中「元」、「貞」、「利」、「亨」四種高尚德行。中華民國在民國五十三年(1964年)7月21日,經行政院正式核定將梅花訂為國花。
中华人民共和国目前没有官方认定的国花,但是民间选举国花的声音极大,牡丹、梅花当选国花的可能性较高,但是目前无定论。
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[编辑] 参考文献
- ^ Magnolia. Korea Today Monthly Journal (issue 627, September 2008).
- ^ What you didn't know about Korea's national flower. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism Republic of Korea.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 ASEAN National Flowers. ASEAN.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 印尼1993年4号总统令
- ^ Vegetation. Nepal Wetland Inventory.
- ^ Know the correct name and plant description for Bhutan's national flower - Blue Poppy. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan.
- ^ Constitution of Bangladesh - Chapter I. Prime Minister's Office.
- ^ Sri Lanka National Flower. Government of Sri Lanka.
- ^ Information of Pakistan. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
- ^ Plant story - Iris nigricans. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Cyprus cyclamen and Golden oak - The Cyprus national plant and tree. Department of Forests - Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment.
- ^ Other National Symbols. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Embassy of Denmark, New Delhi.
- ^ National flower of Iceland. Facts About Iceland.
- ^ The National Flower. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia.
- ^ The National Flower of Barbados. Barbados Integrated Government Portal.
- ^ The Yellow Elder - The National Flower of the Bahamas. The Government of the Bahamas.
- ^ The National Symbols. My Government(The Belize Government's Official Portal).
- ^ projects: Save the "Guaria Morada". Sacro Foundation - Save Costa Rican Orchids.
- ^ Cuban General Information. Cuban Embassy in Netherlands.
- ^ Flor Nacional. Superintendencia de Administración Tributaria - SAT..
- ^ National Symbols. Emancipation & Independence. Jamaica Information Service [2009-01-23].
- ^ Meet Mexico: Introduction. Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- ^ Informacion, Sobre Panamá. República de Panamá.
- ^ National Flower. Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
- ^ National Emblems. Trinidad and Tobago Government Portal.
- ^ About Argentina. www.argentina.gov.ar.
- ^ What is Bolivia's National Flower?. BoliviaBella.
- ^ Lapageria rosea - COPIHUE. Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena.
- ^ Símbolos Patrios. Presidencia de la República de Colombia.
- ^ Daily Bulletins. GINA - Government Information Agency, Guyana.
- ^ Exposición: Fauna y Flora protegidas del Perú. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú.
- ^ Jardín Botánico. Intendencia de Montevideo.
- ^ Símbolos Nacionales. Ministerio del Poder Popular del Despacho de la Presidencia.
- ^ Golden Wattle - Floral Emblem of Australia. Australian National Botanic Gardens.
- ^ 35.0 35.1 W.C. Clarke and R.R. Thaman. Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands: Systems for Sustainability. United Nations University Press. ISBN 92-808-0824-9.
- ^ Important Bird Areas in Fiji - Site Accounts. BirdLife International.
- ^ Samoan $20 Tala Bank note. The Central Bank of Samoa.
- ^ Katse Botanical Garden in international exchange programme.
- ^ National Flower. The Republic of Mauritius Web Portal.
- ^ National flower. South African Government Information.
- ^ Newsletters: April 2008, 335. Tree Society of Zimbabwe.
- 《國旗、國花與國歌》,中華民國外交部,外交部全球資訊網。http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=36854&CtNode=1466&mp=1, (正体中文)
- 《新中國“蘭花外交”密聞》,雲南蘭花網,2007年3月21日。http://www.yunnan-lanhua.com/essence/2007/3090.html, (简体中文)
- 《國花》,中國網,中國網綜合消息,2009年3月5日。http://www.china.com.cn/culture/weekend/2009-03/05/content_17384056_2.htm,(简体中文)
- 《国花评选引发院士争议 梅花派牡丹派针锋相对》,北方網,國內要聞。2008年5月31日。http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2008/05/31/003339861_01.shtml,(简体中文)