国际音标扩展 (Unicode区段)
国际音标扩展 IPA Extensions | |
---|---|
范围 | U+0250..U+02AF (96个码位) |
平面 | 基本多文种平面(BMP) |
文字 | 拉丁字母 |
应用 | IPA |
已分配 | 96个码位 |
未分配 | 0个保留码位 |
统一码版本历史 | |
1.0.0 | 89 (+89) |
3.0 | 94 (+5) |
4.0 | 96 (+2) |
相关区块 | |
音标扩展 · 音标扩展补充 | |
注释:[1][2] |
国际音标扩展是一个位于基本多文种平面的Unicode区块,主要收录了不在基本拉丁字母、拉丁字母补充-1、拉丁字母扩展-A、拉丁字母扩展-B的国际音标(IPA)字符,其中包括正在使用中的、已弃用的、曾提议使用的国际音标(IPA)符号,还有数个非IPA的语音符号。同样用于语音学的其他字符,如腭音化符号“◌ʲ”,则被收录在音标扩展(U+1D00..U+1D7F)和音标扩展补充(U+1D80..1DBF)。变音符号可以在占位修饰符号(U+02B0..U+02FF)和组合附加符号(U+0300..U+036F)等区块找到。
随着Unicode能够完整地标示出所有音标, 基于ASCII开发的音标系统(如X-SAMPA或Kirshenbaum等)因此逐渐被替代。[3]
完整字符表
[编辑]编码 | 字符 | HTML | 中文名称 | Unicode名称 | 用途 | IPA编号 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
国际音标字母 | ||||||
U+0250 | ɐ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的A | Latin Small Letter Turned A | 次开央元音 | 324 | |
U+0251 | ɑ | 拉丁小写字母Alpha | Latin Small Letter Alpha | 开后不圆唇元音 | 305 | |
U+0252 | ɒ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的Alpha | Latin Small Letter Turned Alpha | 开后圆唇元音 | 313 | |
U+0253 | ɓ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的B | Latin Small Letter B with Hook | 浊双唇内爆音 | 160 | |
U+0254 | ɔ | 拉丁小写字母开O | Latin Small Letter Open O | 半开后圆唇元音 | 306 | |
U+0255 | ɕ | 拉丁小写字母卷曲的C | Latin Small Letter C with Curl | 清龈腭擦音 | 182 | |
U+0256 | ɖ | 拉丁小写字母带尾巴的D | Latin Small Letter D with Tail | 浊卷舌塞音 | 106 | |
U+0257 | ɗ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的D | Latin Small Letter D with Hook | 浊齿龈内爆音 | 162 | |
U+0258 | ɘ | 拉丁小写字母倒转的E | Latin Small Letter Reversed E | 半闭央不圆唇元音 | 397 | |
U+0259 | ə | 拉丁小写字母Schwa | Latin Small Letter Schwa | 中央元音 | 322 | |
U+025A | ɚ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的Schwa | Latin Small Letter Schwa with Hook | 卷舌中央元音 | 327 | |
U+025B | ɛ | 拉丁小写字母开E | Latin Small Letter Open E | 半开前不圆唇元音 | 303 | |
U+025C | ɜ | 拉丁小写字母倒转的开E | Latin Small Letter Reversed Open E | 半开央不圆唇元音 | 326 | |
U+025D | ɝ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的倒转开E | Latin Small Letter Reversed Open E with Hook | 卷舌半开央不圆唇元音 | ||
U+025E | ɞ | 拉丁小写字母闭的带钩倒转开E | Latin Small Letter Closed Reversed Open E | 半开央圆唇元音 | 395 | |
U+025F | ɟ | 拉丁小写字母带删节线的无点J | Latin Small Letter Dotless J with Stroke | 浊硬腭塞音 | 108 | |
U+0260 | ɠ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的G | Latin Small Letter G with Hook | 浊软腭内爆音 | 166 | |
U+0261 | ɡ | 拉丁小写字母印刷体G | Latin Small Letter Script G | 浊软腭塞音 | 110 | |
U+0262 | ɢ | 拉丁小型大写字母G | Latin Letter Small Capital G | 浊小舌塞音 | 112 | |
U+0263 | ɣ | 拉丁小写字母Gamma | Latin Small Letter Gamma | 浊软腭擦音 | 141 | |
U+0264 | ɤ | 拉丁小写字母“羊角号” | Latin Small Letter Rams Horn | 半闭后不圆唇元音 | 315 | |
U+0265 | ɥ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的H | Latin Small Letter Turned H | 浊圆唇硬腭近音 | 171 | |
U+0266 | ɦ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的H | Latin Small Letter H with Hook | 浊声门擦音 | 147 | |
U+0267 | ɧ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的Heng(Ꜧ) | Latin Small Letter Heng with Hook | sj音(与清腭龈擦音、清软腭擦音稍微相似) | 175 | |
U+0268 | ɨ | 拉丁小写字母带删节线的I | Latin Small Letter I with Stroke | 闭央不圆唇元音 | 317 | |
U+0269 | ɩ | 拉丁小写字母Iota | Latin Small Letter Iota | 字母“ɪ”在1989年以前的形式(已弃用) | 399 | |
U+026A | ɪ | 拉丁小型大写字母I | Latin Letter Small Capital I | 次闭前不圆唇元音 | 319 | |
U+026B | ɫ | 拉丁小写字母带中位波浪号的L | Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde | 软腭化/咽化/齿龈边近音 | 209 | |
U+026C | ɬ | 拉丁小写字母带带的L | Latin Small Letter L with Belt | 清齿龈边擦音 | 148 | |
U+026D | ɭ | 拉丁小写字母带卷舌钩的L | Latin Small Letter L with Retroflex Hook | 卷舌边近音 | 156 | |
U+026E | ɮ | 拉丁小写字母Lezh | Latin Small Letter Lezh | 浊齿龈边擦音 | 149 | |
U+026F | ɯ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的M | Latin Small Letter Turned M | 闭后不圆唇元音 | 316 | |
U+0270 | ɰ | 拉丁小写字母长脚的颠倒M | Latin Small Letter Turned M with Long Leg | 软腭近音 | 154 | |
U+0271 | ɱ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的M | Latin Small Letter M with Hook | 唇齿鼻音 | 115 | |
U+0272 | ɲ | 拉丁小写字母带左钩的N | Latin Small Letter N with Left Hook | 硬腭鼻音 | 118 | |
U+0273 | ɳ | 拉丁小写字母带卷舌钩的N | Latin Small Letter N with Retroflex Hook | 卷舌鼻音 | 117 | |
U+0274 | ɴ | 拉丁小型大写字母N | Latin Letter Small Capital N | 小舌鼻音 | 120 | |
U+0275 | ɵ | 拉丁小写字母带横删节线的O | Latin Small Letter Barred O | 半闭央圆唇元音 | 323 | |
U+0276 | ɶ | 拉丁小型大写字母OE | Latin Letter Small Capital OE | 开前圆唇元音 | 312 | |
U+0277 | ɷ | 拉丁小写字母闭Omega | Latin Small Letter Closed Omega | 字母“ʊ”在1989年以前的形式(已弃用) | 398 | |
U+0278 | ɸ | 拉丁小写字母Phi | Latin Small Letter Phi | 清双唇擦音 | 126 | |
U+0279 | ɹ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的R | Latin Small Letter Turned R | 齿龈近音 | 151 | |
U+027A | ɺ | 拉丁小写字母长脚的颠倒R | Latin Small Letter Turned R with Long Leg | 齿龈边闪音 | 181 | |
U+027B | ɻ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的颠倒R | Latin Small Letter Turned R with Hook | 卷舌近音 | 152 | |
U+027C | ɼ | 拉丁小写字母长脚的R | Latin Small Letter R with Long Leg | 齿龈颤音 | 206 | |
U+027D | ɽ | 拉丁小写字母带尾巴的R | Latin Small Letter R with Tail | 卷舌闪音 | 125 | |
U+027E | ɾ | 拉丁小写字母带鱼钩的R | Latin Small Letter R with Fishhook | 齿龈闪音 | 124 | |
U+027F | ɿ | 拉丁小写字母带鱼钩的倒转R | Latin Small Letter Reversed R with Fishhook | 成音节的浊齿龈擦音(用于汉语) | ||
U+0280 | ʀ | 拉丁小型大写字母R | Latin Letter Small Capital R | 小舌颤音 | 123 | |
U+0281 | ʁ | 拉丁小型大写字母颠倒的R | Latin Letter Small Capital Inverted R | 浊小舌擦音 | 143 | |
U+0282 | ʂ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的S | Latin Small Letter S with Hook | 清卷舌擦音 | 136 | |
U+0283 | ʃ | 拉丁小写字母Esh | Latin Small Letter Esh | 清腭龈擦音 | 134 | |
U+0284 | ʄ | 拉丁小写字母带横线与钩的无点J | Latin Small Letter Dotless J with Stroke and Hook | 浊硬腭内爆音 | 164 | |
U+0285 | ʅ | 拉丁小写字母矮胖的倒转Esh | Latin Small Letter Squat Reversed Esh | 成音节的浊卷舌擦音(用于汉语) | ||
U+0286 | ʆ | 拉丁小写字母卷曲的Esh | Latin Small Letter Esh with Curl | 清龈腭擦音(已弃用) | 204 | |
U+0287 | ʇ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的T | Latin Small Letter Turned T | 齿搭嘴音(已弃用) | 201 | |
U+0288 | ʈ | 拉丁小写字母带卷舌钩的T | Latin Small Letter T with Retroflex Hook | 清卷舌塞音 | 105 | |
U+0289 | ʉ | 拉丁小写字母带横删节线的U | Latin Small Letter U Bar | 闭央圆唇元音 | 318 | |
U+028A | ʊ | 拉丁小写字母Upsilon | Latin Small Letter Upsilon | 次闭后圆唇元音 | 321 | |
U+028B | ʋ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的V | Latin Small Letter V with Hook | 唇齿近音 | 150 | |
U+028C | ʌ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的V | Latin Small Letter Turned V | 半开后不圆唇元音 | 314 | |
U+028D | ʍ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的W | Latin Small Letter Turned W | 清圆唇软腭近音 | 169 | |
U+028E | ʎ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的Y | Latin Small Letter Turned Y | 硬腭边音 | 157 | |
U+028F | ʏ | 拉丁小型大写字母Y | Latin Letter Small Capital Y | 次闭前圆唇元音 | 320 | |
U+0290 | ʐ | 拉丁小写字母带卷舌钩的Z | Latin Small Letter Z with Retroflex Hook | 浊卷舌擦音 | 137 | |
U+0291 | ʑ | 拉丁小写字母卷曲的Z | Latin Small Letter Z with Curl | 浊龈腭擦音 | 183 | |
U+0292 | ʒ | 拉丁小写字母Ezh | Latin Small Letter Ezh | 浊腭龈擦音 | 135 | |
U+0293 | ʓ | 拉丁小写字母卷曲的Ezh | Latin Small Letter Ezh with Curl | 浊龈腭擦音(已弃用) | 205 | |
U+0294 | ʔ | 拉丁字母声门塞音 | Latin Letter Glottal Stop | 声门塞音 | 113 | |
U+0295 | ʕ | 拉丁字母浊咽擦音 | Latin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced Fricative | 浊咽擦音 | 145 | |
U+0296 | ʖ | 拉丁字母颠倒的声门塞音 | Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop | 齿龈边搭嘴音(已弃用) | 203 | |
U+0297 | ʗ | 拉丁字母伸长的C | Latin Letter Stretched C | 齿龈后搭嘴音(已弃用) | 202 | |
U+0298 | ʘ | 拉丁字母双唇搭嘴音 | Latin Letter Bilabial Click | 双唇搭嘴音 | 176 | |
U+0299 | ʙ | 拉丁小型大写字母B | Latin Letter Small Capital B | 双唇颤音 | 121 | |
U+029A | ʚ | 拉丁小写字母闭的开E | Latin Small Letter Closed Open E | [œ]的错字 | 396 | |
U+029B | ʛ | 拉丁小型大写字母带钩的G | Latin Letter Small Capital G with Hook | 浊小舌内爆音 | 168 | |
U+029C | ʜ | 拉丁小型大写字母H | Latin Letter Small Capital H | 清会厌擦音 | 172 | |
U+029D | ʝ | 拉丁小写字母带交叉尾巴的J | Latin Small Letter J with Crossed Tail | 浊硬腭擦音 | 139 | |
U+029E | ʞ | 拉丁小写字母颠倒的K | Latin Small Letter Turned K | 软腭搭嘴音(已弃用) | 291 | |
U+029F | ʟ | 拉丁小型大写字母L | Latin Letter Small Capital L | 软腭边音 | 158 | |
U+02A0 | ʠ | 拉丁小写字母带钩的Q | Latin Small Letter Q with Hook | 清浊小舌内爆音(已弃用) | 167 | |
U+02A1 | ʡ | 拉丁字母带删节线的声门塞音 | Latin Letter Glottal Stop with Stroke | 声门塞音 | 173 | |
U+02A2 | ʢ | 拉丁字母倒转的带删节线的声门塞音 | Latin Letter Reversed Glottal Stop with Stroke | 浊会厌擦音 | 174 | |
U+02A3 | ʣ | 拉丁小写二合字母DZ | Latin Small Letter DZ Digraph | 浊齿龈塞擦音(已弃用) | 212 | |
U+02A4 | ʤ | 拉丁小写二合字母Dezh | Latin Small Letter Dezh Digraph | 浊腭龈塞擦音(已弃用) | 214 | |
U+02A5 | ʥ | 拉丁小写二合字母卷曲的DZ | Latin Small Letter DZ Digraph with Curl | 浊龈腭塞擦音(已弃用) | 216 | |
U+02A6 | ʦ | 拉丁小写二合字母TS | Latin Small Letter TS Digraph | 清齿龈塞擦音(已弃用) | 211 | |
U+02A7 | ʧ | 拉丁小写二合字母Tesh | Latin Small Letter Tesh Digraph | 清腭龈塞擦音(已弃用) | 213 | |
U+02A8 | ʨ | 拉丁小写二合字母卷曲的TC | Latin Small Letter TC Digraph with Curl | 清龈腭塞擦音(已弃用) | 215 | |
问题发音的国际音标字符 | ||||||
U+02A9 | ʩ | 拉丁小写二合字母Feng | Latin Small Letter Feng Digraph | 腭咽擦音 | 602 | |
U+02AA | ʪ | 拉丁小写二合字母LS | Latin Small Letter LS Digraph | 清开槽边齿龈擦音 | 603 | |
U+02AB | ʫ | 拉丁小写二合字母LZ | Latin Small Letter LZ Digraph | 浊开槽边齿龈擦音 | 604 | |
U+02AC | ʬ | 拉丁字母双唇撞击音 | Latin Letter Bilabial Percussive | 双唇撞击音 | ||
U+02AD | ʭ | 拉丁字母双齿撞击音 | Latin Letter Bidental Percussive | 双齿撞击音 | 601 | |
汉语语言学音标补充 | ||||||
U+02AE | ʮ | 拉丁小写字母带鱼钩的颠倒H | Latin Small Letter Turned H with Fishhook | 成音节的唇音化浊齿龈擦音(用于汉语) | ||
U+02AF | ʯ | 拉丁小写字母带鱼钩和尾巴的颠倒H | Latin Small Letter Turned H with Fishhook and Tail | 成音节的唇音化浊卷舌擦音(用于汉语) |
子标题
[编辑]国际音标扩展共包含了3个子标题,他们分别对应到在不同Unicode版本中加入的三组字符:国际音标扩展(IPA extensions)、问题发音的国际音标字符(IPA characters for disordered speech)与汉语语言学音标补充(Additions for Sinology)。[4]
国际音标扩展
[编辑]此副标题下包括了本区块的前89个字符,它们都是只在国际音标中经常使用的拉丁字母变体和希腊字母。[4]此副标题下的所有字符皆包含在1991年10月发布的Unicode 1.0中。
问题发音的国际音标字符
[编辑]此副标题下的字符用以记录一些不存在于自然语言中,但出现于婴儿的发声、语言障碍者的发音,以及其他在语音学上能记录的发音。[4] (这类音标称作国际音标扩展/ExtIPA,但与上节的中的字符不同。)此副标题下的所有字符皆包含在1999年9月发布的Unicode 3.0中。
汉语语言学音标补充
[编辑]此副标题下包含了2个用于汉语的音素:ʮ和ʯ。[4]它们在2003年4月发表的Unicode 4.0中加入此区块。
简化字符表
[编辑]国际音标扩展 IPA Extensions[1] Unicode Consortium 官方码表(PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+025x | ɐ | ɑ | ɒ | ɓ | ɔ | ɕ | ɖ | ɗ | ɘ | ə | ɚ | ɛ | ɜ | ɝ | ɞ | ɟ |
U+026x | ɠ | ɡ | ɢ | ɣ | ɤ | ɥ | ɦ | ɧ | ɨ | ɩ | ɪ | ɫ | ɬ | ɭ | ɮ | ɯ |
U+027x | ɰ | ɱ | ɲ | ɳ | ɴ | ɵ | ɶ | ɷ | ɸ | ɹ | ɺ | ɻ | ɼ | ɽ | ɾ | ɿ |
U+028x | ʀ | ʁ | ʂ | ʃ | ʄ | ʅ | ʆ | ʇ | ʈ | ʉ | ʊ | ʋ | ʌ | ʍ | ʎ | ʏ |
U+029x | ʐ | ʑ | ʒ | ʓ | ʔ | ʕ | ʖ | ʗ | ʘ | ʙ | ʚ | ʛ | ʜ | ʝ | ʞ | ʟ |
U+02Ax | ʠ | ʡ | ʢ | ʣ | ʤ | ʥ | ʦ | ʧ | ʨ | ʩ | ʪ | ʫ | ʬ | ʭ | ʮ | ʯ |
注释
|
历史
[编辑]自Unicode 1.0以来,国际音标扩展区块一直存在于Unicode中,且透过与ISO 10646的一致而保持不变。直到Unicode 3.0才加以扩展,增加了用于表示问题发音的语音符号,Unicode 4.0又再次加入汉语语言学语音符号。[5]
下列与Unicode相关的文档记录了在本区块中定义特定字符的目的和过程:
版本 | 最终码位[a] | 码位数 | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | 文档 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0.0 | U+0250..0296 | 71 | (待考) | |||
X3L2/95-090 | N1253 (doc, txt (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)) | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike, 4.2, Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 Meeting # 28 in Helsinki, Finland; 1995-06-26--27, 1995-09-09 | ||||
L2/05-212 | Davis, Mark, Background Information on IPA, 2005-08-05 | |||||
L2/07-022 | N3219 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Priest, Lorna; Aumann, Greg, Glyph corrections for U+027F and U+0285 in TUS, 2007-01-12 | ||||
L2/10-268 | Priest, Lorna, Annotation additions resulting from encoding LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH HOOK, 2010-07-29 | |||||
U+0297..02A8 | 18 | UTC/1991-047 | Becker, Joe, Extended Latin, Standard Phonetic, Modifier Letters, General Diacritical Marks, Greek, Cyrillic | |||
UTC/1991-048B | Whistler, Ken, IPA additions, Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple, 1991-03-27 | |||||
3.0 | U+02A9..02AD | 5 | L2/98-209 | N1742 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Everson, Michael, Additional IPA characters for the UCS, 1998-05-25 | |
L2/98-293 | N1885 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | 2.2, Comments on proposals to add various characters to ISO/IEC 10646, 1998-08-25 | ||||
L2/98-299 | N1845 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Everson, Michael, Additional IPA “disturbed speech” characters for the UCS, 1998-09-08 | ||||
L2/98-301 | N1847 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Everson, Michael, Responses to NCITS/L2 and Unicode Consortium comments on numerous proposals, 1998-09-12 | ||||
L2/98-372 | N1884R2 (pdf, doc (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)) | Whistler, Ken; et al, Additional Characters for the UCS, 1998-09-22 | ||||
L2/98-329 | N1920 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28 | ||||
L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), doc(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.2.10, Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25, 1998-12-30 | ||||
4.0 | U+02AE..02AF | 2 | L2/01-272 | N2366 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Cook, Richard; Everson, Michael, Proposal to add five phonetic characters to the UCS, 2001-07-02 | |
L2/01-295R | Moore, Lisa, Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting #88, 2001-11-06 | |||||
L2/01-347 | N2366R (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Cook, Richard; Everson, Michael, Proposal to add six phonetic characters to the UCS, 2001-09-20 | ||||
L2/02-154 | N2403 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., Draft minutes of WG 2 meeting 41, Hotel Phoenix, Singapore, 2001-10-15/19, 2002-04-22 | ||||
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参见
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-25).
- ^ Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-29).
- ^ Wells, John C. Phonetic symbols in word processing and on the web (PDF). Solé, Maria-Josep; Recasens, Daniel; Romero, Joaquín (编). Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Barcelona. 2003 [2019-06-05]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-02).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Unicode 6.2 code charts (PDF). The Unicode Standard. [1 April 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-04).
- ^ The Unicode Standard Version 1.0, Volume 1. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1991 [1990]. ISBN 0-201-56788-1.