阿普唑仑

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阿普唑仑
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureXanax
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684001
依賴性
给药途径口服,舌下
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度80–90%
药物代谢肝脏, 通过CYP3A4
生物半衰期普释片: 11.2 小时,[1]
缓释片: 10.7–15.8 小时[2]
排泄途徑肾脏
识别信息
  • 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
CAS号28981-97-7  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.044.849 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C17H13ClN4
摩尔质量308.765
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • ClC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3C(C)=NN=C3CN=C2C4=CC=CC=C4
  • InChI=1S/C17H13ClN4/c1-11-20-21-16-10-19-17(12-5-3-2-4-6-12)14-9-13(18)7-8-15(14)22(11)16/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

阿普唑侖拉丁語Alprazolam),又名佳静安定,欧美部分国家商品名赞安诺Xanax),是一種短效的苯二氮䓬類藥物[3]。常見商品名稱為贊安諾(英語:Xanax)。最常用於焦慮症,尤其會用於短期治療恐慌症廣泛性焦慮症(GAD)[4];另有用途為與其他藥物並用於治療化療引起的噁心症狀英语Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting[5]。廣泛性焦慮症通常在一週內就能緩和[6][7]。 本品可經口服給藥[5]

常見的副作用有嗜睡、憂鬱、頭痛、感到疲倦、口乾和記性變差[5];不過開始服藥幾天後,部分鎮靜和疲倦問題或許就會有所改善[8]。由於擔心可能引發藥物濫用,不建議某些人使用本品作為恐慌症的初始治療[9]。驟然降低用量有可能帶來藥物戒斷病況反彈英语rebound symptoms的症狀。其他罕見風險為自殺,其肇因或許是失去抑制作用英语loss of inhibition[10];用藥者可能需要在數週或數月內逐漸降低劑量[6]。如同其他苯二氮䓬類藥物,本品也是透過GABAA受體發揮作用[5]

1971 年,阿普唑侖取得專利,1981年,在美國核准作為醫療用途[5][11]。本品是一種第四級管制藥物英语Schedule IV,也是常見的濫用藥物[12][13]。市面上有學名藥流通[14]。截至 2018 年,在美國單劑批發價低於 0.03 美元[15]。2016年,本品名列美國處方藥排名的第十九名,處方數量超過 2700 萬[16]

在中国大陆销售的阿普唑仑片

副作用

Xanax(阿普唑崙)2毫克三片連狀錠劑

可能的副作用包括:

異常反應

阿普唑崙的副作用.

使用阿普唑仑有可能會發生下面的異常反應:

食品和藥物相互作用

阿普唑崙的代謝主要是通過CYP3A4進行[34],結合CYP3A4临床上,抑製劑諸如西咪替丁紅黴素氟西汀氟伏沙明伊曲康唑酮康唑奈法唑酮(Nefazodone)、丙氧芬(Propoxyphene)、利托那韋(Ritonavir)等可以延緩阿普唑崙的肝清除率,但是這可能導致阿普唑崙在人体内部的的過度積纍[35],如此很有可能會導致其不良反應更加的惡化[36][37]

參考資料

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  15. ^ NADAC as of 2018-10-24. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. [26 October 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-24). 
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外部連結