陰謀論：修订间差异

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[[File:Dollarnote siegel hq.jpg|thumb|一美元紙幣上的[[上帝之眼]]，或稱為全視之眼，被一些人認為是牽涉[[美國開國元勛|美國創始人]]和[[光明會]]的陰謀證據。]]
[[File:Dollarnote siegel hq.jpg|thumb|一美元紙幣上的[[上帝之眼]]，或稱為全視之眼，被一些人認為是牽涉[[美國開國元勛|美國創始人]]和[[光明會]]的陰謀證據。]]
'''陰謀論'''是指[[奥卡姆剃刀|在其他解釋更有可能的情況下]]<ref name="BrothertonFrench2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brotherton|first1=Robert|last2=French|first2=Christopher C.|last3=Pickering|first3=Alan D.|title=Measuring Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=4|year=2013|page=279|issn=1664-1078|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00279|pmid=23734136|pmc=3659314| quote=A conspiracist belief can be described as 'the unnecessary assumption of conspiracy when other explanations are more probable'.}}</ref><ref name="probability">其他來源：
'''陰謀論'''通常是指對[[歷史]]或當代事件作出特別解釋的說法，通常暗指事件的公開解釋為故意欺騙，而背后有集團操縱事態發展及结果，以達至該集團損人利己的目的。此類特別解釋不同於一般廣為接受的解釋，而解釋事件為個人或是團體秘密策劃的結果。而且此類特別解釋中激進者還會進一步駁斥該等廣為接受的解釋，認為該等是陰謀策劃者的掩飾。
*{{cite book |last1=Aaronovitch |first1=David |title=Voodoo Histories: The Role of the Conspiracy Theory in Shaping Modern History |date=2009 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |isbn=9780224074704 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icxkMJK-WmgC|access-date=2019-08-17|quote=It is a contention of this book that conspiracy theorists fail to apply the principle of Occam's razor to their arguments.}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Brotherton|first1=Robert|last2=French|first2=Christopher C.|title=Belief in Conspiracy Theories and Susceptibility to the Conjunction Fallacy|journal=Applied Cognitive Psychology|volume=28|issue=2|year=2014|pages=238–248|issn=0888-4080|doi=10.1002/acp.2995| quote=A conspiracy theory can be defined as an unverified and relatively implausible allegation of conspiracy, claiming that significant events are the result of a secret plot carried out by a preternaturally sinister and powerful group of people.}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Jonason |first1=Peter Karl |last2=March |first2=Evita |last3=Springer |first3=Jordan |title=Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=12 |year=2019 |pages=e0225964 |issn=1932-6203 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 |pmid=31794581 |pmc=6890261 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1425964M |quote=Conspiracy theories are a subset of false beliefs, and generally implicate a malevolent force (e.g., a government body or secret society) involved in orchestrating major events or providing misinformation regarding the details of events to an unwitting public, in part of a plot towards achieving a sinister goal.}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Thresher-Andrews |first1=Christopher |title=An introduction into the world of conspiracy |journal=PsyPAG Quarterly |volume=88 |year=2013 |pages=5–8 |url=http://www.psypag.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Issue-88.pdf |quote=Conspiracy theories are unsubstantiated, less plausible alternatives to the mainstream explanation of the event; they assume everything is intended, with malignity. Crucially, they are also epistemically self-insulating in their construction and arguments.}}</ref>，將事件或現實情況解釋成邪惡而又強力的集團或個體在背後密謀。支持者一般相信行為者具有政治動機<ref>{{cite journal|title=Belief in conspiracy theories|first1=T|last1=Goertzel|date=December 1994|journal=Political Psychology|volume=15|issue=4|pages=731–742|doi=10.2307/3791630|jstor=3791630}} ''"explanations for important events that involve secret plots by powerful and malevolent groups"''</ref><ref>{{Cite OED |conspiracy theory}} ''"the theory that an event or phenomenon occurs as a result of a conspiracy between interested parties; ''spec''. a belief that some covert but influential agency (typically political in motivation and oppressive in intent) is responsible for an unexplained event"''</ref>。此一用詞具有負面意味，因其在暗示支持者靠著偏見或不充分的證據去訴諸陰謀<ref name=Byford>{{Cite book |title=Conspiracy theories : a critical introduction |last=Byford |first=Jovan |date=2011 |publisher=[[帕爾格雷夫·麥米倫|Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=9780230349216 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |oclc=802867724}}</ref>。


阴谋论欠缺[[可证伪性]]，並靠著[[循環論證]]強化論點：不論是反對陰謀論的證據，還是實質證據欠奉，都能被陰謀論者視為支持其想法的證據<ref name="Byford" /><ref name="Keeley1999">{{Cite journal |last=Keeley |first=Brian L. |date=1999 |title=Of Conspiracy Theories |journal=The Journal of Philosophy |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=109–126 |doi=10.2307/2564659|jstor=2564659 }}</ref>，致使其成為了信念問題，並不能夠證明或反駁<ref name="Barkun2003">{{cite book|last1=Barkun|first1=Michael|title=A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America|date=2003|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|pages=3–4}}</ref><ref name="Barkun2011">{{cite book|last1=Barkun|first1=Michael|title=Chasing Phantoms: Reality, Imagination, and Homeland Security Since 9/11|date=2011|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|location=Chapel Hill|page=10}}</ref>。研究顯示相信陰謀論可能對心理有害，或可視作一種病态<ref name="Freeman 595–604">{{Cite journal|last1=Freeman|first1=Daniel|last2=Bentall|first2=Richard P.|date=2017-03-29|title=The concomitants of conspiracy concerns|journal=Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology|language=en|volume=52|issue=5|pages=595–604|doi=10.1007/s00127-017-1354-4|issn=0933-7954|pmc=5423964|pmid=28352955}}</ref><ref name="Barron 156–159">{{Cite journal|last1=Barron|first1=David|last2=Morgan|first2=Kevin|last3=Towell|first3=Tony|last4=Altemeyer|first4=Boris|last5=Swami|first5=Viren|date=2014|title=Associations between schizotypy and belief in conspiracist ideation|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|language=en|volume=70|pages=156–159|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.040|url=http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/14570/1/1-s2.0-S0191886914003821-main.pdf}}</ref>。它跟[[投射|心理投射]]、[[偏執狂]]、[[馬基雅維利主義 (心理學)|馬基雅維利主義]]有關<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=Karen M.|last2=Sutton|first2=Robbie M.|date=2011-04-12|title=Does it take one to know one? Endorsement of conspiracy theories is influenced by personal willingness to conspire|url=http://kar.kent.ac.uk/26187/1/Douglas%20%26%20Sutton%202011%20BJSP.pdf|journal=British Journal of Social Psychology|volume=10|issue=3|pages=544–552|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02018.x|pmid=21486312|access-date=2018-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103180834/https://kar.kent.ac.uk/26187/1/Douglas%20%26%20Sutton%202011%20BJSP.pdf|archive-date=2018-11-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>。 心理学家认为，虚幻的模式认知會使人們在沒有陰謀的地方「發現」陰謀<ref>{{cite web|last=Dean|first=Signe|date= 2017-10-23|title=Conspiracy Theorists Really Do See The World Differently, New Study Shows|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/conspiracy-theory-beliefs-illusory-pattern-perception-cognitive-science|access-date=17 June 2020|publisher=Science Alert}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sloat|first=Sarah|date= 2017-10-17|title=Conspiracy Theorists Have a Fundamental Cognitive Problem, Say Scientists|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/37463-conspiracy-beliefs-illusory-pattern-perception|access-date=2020-06-17|publisher=Inverse}}</ref>。
陰謀論不只是指理論，也用來指許多沒有證據的說法、傳聞。阴谋论往往缺乏[[證據]]，其荒謬邏輯不符合[[奥卡姆剃刀]]原則，是很多謠傳之基礎。但是被指責為陰謀當事人的一方，也很難證偽陰謀論的說法，許多陰謀論有[[不可證偽]]的特點，即常言道“難以自證清白”。邏輯上，任何一件自然發生的事件，事後都可以被描繪成事先策劃。因此，說一個[[理論]]是陰謀論同時有該理論不被廣為接受的意味。

陰謀論在歷史上跟[[偏見]]、[[獵巫]]、[[战争]]、[[种族灭绝]]存有密切關係<ref name="DouglasUscinski2019">{{cite journal |last1=Douglas |first1=Karen M. |last2=Uscinski |first2=Joseph E. |last3=Sutton |first3=Robbie M. |last4=Cichocka |first4=Aleksandra |last5=Nefes |first5=Turkay |last6=Ang |first6=Chee Siang |last7=Deravi |first7=Farzin |title=Understanding Conspiracy Theories |journal=Political Psychology |volume=40 |issue=S1 |year=2019 |pages=3–35 |issn=0162-895X |doi=10.1111/pops.12568}}</ref><ref name="Goertzel2010">{{cite journal|last1=Goertzel|first1=Ted|title=Conspiracy theories in science|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=11|issue=7|year=2010|pages=493–499|issn=1469-221X|doi=10.1038/embor.2010.84|pmid=20539311|pmc=2897118}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary Religion |date=2018 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38202-2 |language=en |last1=Nefes |first1=Turkay |pages=407–422 |chapter=Framing of a Conspiracy Theory: The Efendi Series|quote=Conspiracy theories often function as popular conduits of ethno-religious hatred and conflict.}}</ref>。[[恐怖袭击]]的肇事者往往对陰謀論深信不疑。[[提摩太·占士·麥克維|提摩太·麥克維]]、[[安德斯·贝林·布雷维克|安德斯·布雷维克]]，乃至[[納粹德國]]、[[苏联]]、土耳其等地的政府都以陰謀論去合理化自己的行為<ref name="DouglasUscinski2019"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Göknar |first1=Erdağ |title=Conspiracy Theory in Turkey: Politics and Protest in the Age of "Post-Truth" by Julian de Medeiros (review) |journal=The Middle East Journal |date=2019 |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=336–337 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/730239 |language=en |issn=1940-3461}}</ref>。[[南非]]政府在陰謀論的推動下進行了[[艾滋病重估运动]]，導致了約330,000人因艾滋病而死<name="Thresher-Andrews2013">{{cite journal |last1=Thresher-Andrews |first1=Christopher |title=An introduction into the world of conspiracy |journal=PsyPAG Quarterly |volume=88 |year=2013 |pages=5–8 |url=http://www.psypag.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Issue-88.pdf}}</ref><ref name="SimelelaVenter2015">{{cite journal |last1=Simelela |first1=Nono |last2=Venter |first2=W. D. Francois |last3=Pillay |first3=Yogan |last4=Barron |first4=Peter |title=A Political and Social History of HIV in South Africa |journal=Current HIV/AIDS Reports |volume=12 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=256–261 |issn=1548-3568 |doi=10.1007/s11904-015-0259-7|pmid=25929959 }}</ref><ref name="BurtonGiddy2015">{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=Rosie |last2=Giddy |first2=Janet |last3=Stinson |first3=Kathryn |title=Prevention of mother-to-child transmission in South Africa: an ever-changing landscape |journal=Obstetric Medicine |volume=8 |issue=1 |year=2015 |pages=5–12 |issn=1753-495X |doi=10.1177/1753495X15570994|pmid=27512452 |pmc=4934997 }}</ref>。[[赞比亚]]政府因相信转基因食品阴谋论，而在[[饥荒]]期間拒绝粮食援助<ref name="Goertzel2010"/>——当时赞比亚有300万人在挨饿<ref name="BrossardShanahan2007">{{cite book|author1=Dominique Brossard|author2=James Shanahan|author3=T. Clint Nesbitt|title=The Media, the Public and Agricultural Biotechnology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dq1frsw9alkC|year=2007|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-1-84593-204-6|pages=343, 353}}</ref>。陰謀論也是[[公共卫生]]的一大障礙<ref name="Goertzel2010"/><ref name="GlickBooth2014">{{cite journal |last1=Glick |first1=Michael |last2=Booth |first2=H. Austin |title=Conspiracy ideation |journal=The Journal of the American Dental Association |volume=145 |issue=8 |year=2014 |pages=798–799 |issn=0002-8177 |doi=10.1016/S0002-8177(14)60181-1|pmid=25082925 }}</ref>。它導致人們反對[[疫苗接種]]和[[饮水加氟]]等提升公共卫生水平的措施，跟疫苗可預防疾病的流行有一定關係<ref name="Goertzel2010"/><ref name="Thresher-Andrews2013">{{cite journal |last1=Thresher-Andrews |first1=Christopher |title=An introduction into the world of conspiracy |journal=PsyPAG Quarterly |volume=88 |year=2013 |pages=5–8 |url=http://www.psypag.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Issue-88.pdf}}</ref><ref name="GlickBooth2014"/><ref name="PrematungeCorace2012">{{cite journal |last1=Prematunge |first1=Chatura |last2=Corace |first2=Kimberly |last3=McCarthy |first3=Anne |last4=Nair |first4=Rama C. |last5=Pugsley |first5=Renee |last6=Garber |first6=Gary |title=Factors influencing pandemic influenza vaccination of healthcare workers—A systematic review |journal=Vaccine |volume=30 |issue=32 |year=2012 |pages=4733–4743 |issn=0264-410X |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.018|pmid=22643216 }}</ref>。陰謀論的影響還有使人們對科学证据的信任下降<ref name="Goertzel2010"/><ref name="Douglas 538–542">{{Cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=Karen M.|last2=Sutton|first2=Robbie M.|last3=Cichocka|first3=Aleksandra|date=2017-12-01|title=The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories|journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science|language=en|volume=26|issue=6|pages=538–542|doi=10.1177/0963721417718261|issn=0963-7214|pmc=5724570|pmid=29276345}}</ref>、令[[极端主义]]团体更為激进、意识形态固化<ref name="DouglasUscinski2019"/><ref name="Brotherton2015-2">{{cite book |author=Robert Brotherton |title=Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories |chapter=Chapter 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awrcCQAAQBAJ |date=2015-11-19 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4729-1564-1}}</ref>、損害[[经济]]<ref name="DouglasUscinski2019"/>。

阴谋论的傳播曾经只流于边缘受众，不過到了現代則因[[大眾媒體]]而能夠更貼近主流，成为20世纪末21世纪初的一种[[從眾效應|文化现象]]{{sfn|Barkun|2003|p=58}}}<ref name="Camp 1997">{{Cite book|title=Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia|author=Camp, Gregory S.|publisher=Commish Walsh|year=1997|asin=B000J0N8NC}}</ref><ref name="Goldberg 2001">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/enemieswithincul00gold_0|title=Enemies Within: The Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America|author=Goldberg, Robert Alan|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-300-09000-0|access-date=2019-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217045836/https://archive.org/details/enemieswithincul00gold_0|archive-date=2019-12-17|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="Goldberg 2001" /><ref name="Fenster 2008">{{Cite book|title=Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture|author=Fenster, Mark|publisher=University of Minnesota Press; 2nd edition|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8166-5494-9}}</ref>。它们為世界各地人口之信奉，甚至成為大多數人的信念<ref name="van ProoijenDouglas2018">{{cite journal |last1=van Prooijen |first1=Jan-Willem |last2=Douglas |first2=Karen M. |title=Belief in conspiracy theories: Basic principles of an emerging research domain |journal=European Journal of Social Psychology |volume=48 |issue=7 |year=2018 |pages=897–908 |issn=0046-2772 |doi=10.1002/ejsp.2530|pmid=30555188 |pmc=6282974 }}</ref><ref name="SunsteinVermeule2009">{{cite journal|last1=Sunstein |first1=Cass R. |last2=Vermeule |first2=Adrian |title=Conspiracy Theories: Causes and Cures |journal=Journal of Political Philosophy |volume=17 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=202–227 |issn=0963-8016 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x}}</ref><ref name="Brotherton2015-i">{{cite book |author=Robert Brotherton |title=Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories |chapter=Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awrcCQAAQBAJ |date=2015-11-19 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4729-1564-1}}</ref>。陰謀論傳播的情況能透過保持[[开放社会]]和提高公众的分析思考能力來減少<ref name="van ProoijenDouglas2018"/><ref name="SunsteinVermeule2009"/>。


== 词源 ==
== 词源 ==

2020年12月19日 (六) 09:08的版本

  提示：此条目页的主题不是宿命论或决定论。
一美元紙幣上的上帝之眼，或稱為全視之眼，被一些人認為是牽涉美國創始人和光明會的陰謀證據。

陰謀論是指在其他解釋更有可能的情況下[1][2]，將事件或現實情況解釋成邪惡而又強力的集團或個體在背後密謀。支持者一般相信行為者具有政治動機[3][4]。此一用詞具有負面意味，因其在暗示支持者靠著偏見或不充分的證據去訴諸陰謀[5]。

阴谋论欠缺可证伪性，並靠著循環論證強化論點：不論是反對陰謀論的證據，還是實質證據欠奉，都能被陰謀論者視為支持其想法的證據[5][6]，致使其成為了信念問題，並不能夠證明或反駁[7][8]。研究顯示相信陰謀論可能對心理有害，或可視作一種病态[9][10]。它跟心理投射、偏執狂、馬基雅維利主義有關[11]。 心理学家认为，虚幻的模式认知會使人們在沒有陰謀的地方「發現」陰謀[12][13]。

陰謀論在歷史上跟偏見、獵巫、战争、种族灭绝存有密切關係[14][15][16]。恐怖袭击的肇事者往往对陰謀論深信不疑。提摩太·麥克維、安德斯·布雷维克，乃至納粹德國、苏联、土耳其等地的政府都以陰謀論去合理化自己的行為[14][17]。南非政府在陰謀論的推動下進行了艾滋病重估运动，導致了約330,000人因艾滋病而死<name="Thresher-Andrews2013">Thresher-Andrews, Christopher. An introduction into the world of conspiracy (PDF). PsyPAG Quarterly. 2013, 88: 5–8. </ref>[18][19]。赞比亚政府因相信转基因食品阴谋论，而在饥荒期間拒绝粮食援助[15]——当时赞比亚有300万人在挨饿[20]。陰謀論也是公共卫生的一大障礙[15][21]。它導致人們反對疫苗接種和饮水加氟等提升公共卫生水平的措施，跟疫苗可預防疾病的流行有一定關係[15][22][21][23]。陰謀論的影響還有使人們對科学证据的信任下降[15][24]、令极端主义团体更為激进、意识形态固化[14][25]、損害经济[14]。

阴谋论的傳播曾经只流于边缘受众，不過到了現代則因大眾媒體而能夠更貼近主流，成为20世纪末21世纪初的一种文化现象[26]}[27][28][28][29]。它们為世界各地人口之信奉，甚至成為大多數人的信念[30][31][32]。陰謀論傳播的情況能透過保持开放社会和提高公众的分析思考能力來減少[30][31]。

词源

Conspiracy

英文中的Conspiracy是指兩人以上的人作一件非法或不道德之事的約定，未必是秘密策劃。不過中文有時將Conspiracy theory譯為陰謀論，而英文中的Conspiracy theory也常指秘密策劃的陰謀。

中文中也有「共謀」、「共謀論」等語。

Conspiracism

Frank P. Mintz說Conspiracism是「相信歷史會揭露共謀」的一种信念（"belief in the primacy of conspiracies in the unfolding of history"）。

研究

陰謀論常面臨的問題是證據不充分、難以被否證、其他理論可用更少的假設得出更好的解釋（奥卡姆剃刀）、邏輯上不可能、以及推論有谬误。

對於為什麼人們會製造出並相信陰謀論，有以下解釋：

  • 心理學基礎：人们对各种秘密拥有好奇心，由于大多数人并不知晓国家秘密或者商业秘密，因此只有阴谋论可以满足这类人群对秘密好奇的动机。
  • 政治学基礎：强国对弱国的资讯渗透、大国对小国政治人物的操弄、傳媒加速資訊的傳播使得阴谋论病毒式传播

案例

政治

科技

外星人

  • 美國軍方隱瞞論：軍方刻意向外散佈一些誇張失實的外星人謠言。久而久之，使國民覺得外星人只是無稽之談，降低普羅大眾對外星人的興趣及相信程度。
  • 納粹飛碟：納粹德國於第二次世界大戰期間在布拉格建立了飛行試驗基地，並研發出軍用飛碟（英语：Military disc-shaped aircraft）。而在蘇俄紅軍攻入布拉格後，納粹科學家緊急銷燬當時眾多的原型、藍圖、樣本，根據傳言，這些頂尖的科學家在戰後被帶往美國從事秘密武器的研發。此理論被探索频道拍成紀錄片《真實的飛碟》。
  • 51區
  • 羅斯威爾飛碟墜毀事件：由於美國政府對其進行情報控制，相關的小報消息与都會傳奇就成為陰謀推測的材料，著名的包括51區跟軍方的新型秘密飛行器。
  • 外星技術：近代的一些科學成果其實是參考、模仿或學習一些外星智慧生命的產物，因此某些組織或政府想隱藏當中的一些資料，特別是為面對國與國之間的軍事和技術競賽。
  • 黑衣人
  • MJ-12

災難和末日

SARS

主条目：SARS陰謀論

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群（SARS）在2002年至2003年間爆發疫情時，因其源於中國南方並向外蔓延至世界各國，故有傳言指出SARS是美国政府有意或意外外流的生物武器，在SARS發生期間便有民眾私下議論此一可能，部分中國民眾[谁？]則認為SARS是广东沿海居民長期嗜食野味，因而感染的一种类似禽流感的变异生命体细菌；但2008年台湾國安局局長蔡朝明在立法院接受質詢時，曾聲稱SARS可能為美国政府的生物武器，SARS的疫情來去如風，而中国大陆受害程度之高，令好多人有所猜測。

911恐怖攻擊

主条目：九一一事件陰謀論

有論者認為美國政府高層與大商家覬覦伊拉克境內的石油儲備，所以自導自演是次恐怖襲擊，不惜犧牲國民性命，更誣衊伊拉克境內有大殺傷力武器以便決定全面出兵。論者對世貿大樓的襲擊，有以下懷疑：

  1. 飛機撞擊大樓後漏出的燃油所燃燒的高溫，並不足以燒熔鋼筋以至影響全棟大廈的結構。
  2. 建築歷史上的所有鋼筋大樓，並沒有一棟是因為燃燒而倒塌。
  3. 大樓倒塌的速度類似裝有炸藥的拆樓解體。
  4. 世貿一號及二號大樓遭飛機撞擊，七號大樓並沒有遭到任何有記錄的襲擊，卻在同一日與一號及二號大樓一同倒塌。
  5. 世貿大樓群的擁有者Larry Silverstein於911襲擊前幾個月為大樓更新99年期租約，及購買大額損毀賠償，指明包括恐怖襲擊。
  6. 時任紐約市長朱利阿尼迅速地將世貿殘骸當作廢物運出國外，當中有否炸藥引致的爆炸痕跡已經不能被鑑別。

亦有論者認為是次恐怖襲擊的幕後策劃係以色列猶太復國主義者。目的是製做世界混亂，國與國甚至人與人之間互不信任，從而販賣各種大小武器圖利為副，最終實現統一世界為主。

2019冠状病毒病

主条目：2019冠状病毒病阴谋论

體育

每一屆世界盃都必然有至少一組被譽為死亡之組，2006年世界盃抽籤，阿根廷被編入被譽為死亡之組的C組，同組對手包括歐洲勁旅荷蘭、非洲黑馬科特迪瓦和pot4唯一一隊歐洲隊塞黑，阿根廷傳媒揚言有幕後黑手做小動作，將阿根廷兩度被抽進死亡之組。而意大利傳媒亦認為德國前國家隊隊長馬圖斯將pot4中實力較強的美國抽中和意大利同組是有內情。

宗教

撒但[69]是基督教對魔鬼的名稱。由於猶太人相信“666”這個數字是魔鬼的代表，有不少物品並認為與魔鬼崇拜有聯繫。例如：條碼的“6”字無論從左往右或是從右往左掃描都是一樣，所以亦被用來當作條碼的分隔線。這樣，每一組條碼都會兩個“6”字包著。有人[谁？]因此而說每一個條碼都隱藏著“獸名數目”，並聲言當世界末日來臨之時，魔鬼會要求每個人在額上印上一個條碼。

經濟

国际大財團在背後壟斷了國家經濟以及政治的主導權，为自己图谋暴利。宋鸿兵的《货币战争》对此详细描述。

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  69. ^ 查目前比較流行的國語和合本聖經、新標點和合本聖經、和合本修訂版聖經、現代中文譯本聖經，還有比較古老的光緒19年福州美華書局活板文理聖經、光緒34年上海大美國聖經會官話串珠聖經、宣統3年聖經公會的文理聖經，Satan均譯作「撒但」，不作「撒旦」

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