表情符號
關於關於發源自日本的日式表情符號，請見「顏文字」。
表情符號（英語：emoticon[a]、/əˈmoʊtəkɒn/、ə-MOH-tə-kon、少數情況下作/ɪˈmɒtɪkɒn/、ih-MOTT-ih-kon）是一種通過標點符號、數字和字母等字符來表示面部表情，進而表達一個人的感受、情緒或反應，而無需詳細描述的圖形表示法[2][3][4][5]。
第一個以ASCII構成的表情符號通常被認為由計算機科學家斯科特·法爾曼（Scott Fahlman）所發明，他在1982年於卡內基梅隆大學的電子佈告欄系統上的一條消息中提出了後來被稱為「smiley」的表情符號（:-)與 :-(）。在西方國家，表情符號通常以水平的，即與文本方向成直角的方式書寫。而來自日本的用戶使用日語更大的字符集推廣了一種名為 kaomoji 的表情符號。這種風格於 1986 年在日本的 ASCII NET 上出現。它們在英語中也被稱為「verticons」（來自 vertical icon），因為它們無需旋轉即可閱讀。
註釋
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Zimmerly, Arlene; Jaehne, Julie. Computer Connections: Projects and Applications, Student Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. 2003. ISBN 978-0-07-861399-9.
Emoticon: An acronym for emotion icon, a small icon composed of punctuation characters that indicate how an e-mail message should be interpreted (that is, the writer's mood).
[頁碼請求] - ^ emoticon. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [March 22, 2018].
- ^ emoticon. American Heritage Dictionary. [March 22, 2018].
- ^ emoticon. Collins Dictionary. [March 22, 2018].
- ^ emoticon - Definition of emoticon in English by Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford Dictionaries - English. （原始內容存檔於August 28, 2017）.
拓展閱讀
[編輯]- Asteroff, Janet. Appendix C: Face Symbols and ASCII Character Set
. Paralanguage in Electronic Mail: A Case Study (學位論文). Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International: 221–228. 1988. OCLC 757048921. - Bódi, Zoltán, and Veszelszki, Ágnes (2006). Emotikonok. Érzelemkifejezés az internetes kommunikációban (Emoticons: Expressing Emotions in the Internet Communication). Budapest: Magyar Szemiotikai Társaság.
- Dresner, Eli, and Herring, Susan C. (2010). "Functions of the Non-verbal in CMC: Emoticons and Illocutionary Force" (preprint copy). Communication Theory 20: 249–268.
- Walther, J. B.; D'Addario, K. P. The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review. 2001, 19 (3): 323–345. ISSN 0894-4393. S2CID 16179750. doi:10.1177/089443930101900307.
- Veszelszki, Ágnes (2012). Connections of Image and Text in Digital and Handwritten Documents. In: Benedek, András, and Nyíri, Kristóf (eds.): The Iconic Turn in Education. Series Visual Learning Vol. 2. Frankfurt am Main et al.: Peter Lang, pp. 97−110.
- Veszelszki, Ágnes (2015). "Emoticons vs. Reaction-Gifs: Non-Verbal Communication on the Internet from the Aspects of Visuality, Verbality and Time". In: Benedek, András − Nyíri, Kristóf (eds.): Beyond Words: Pictures, Parables, Paradoxes (series Visual Learning, vol. 5). Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 131−145.
- Wolf, Alecia (2000). "Emotional expression online: Gender differences in emoticon use". CyberPsychology & Behavior 3: 827–833.
- Savage, Jon. A design for life. Design. The Guardian. 2009-02-21 [2024-03-30]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-29）.
- Churches, Owen; Nicholls, Mike; Thiessen, Myra; Kohler, Mark; Keage, Hannah. Emoticons in mind: An event-related potential study. Social Neuroscience. 2014-01-06, 9 (2): 196–202. PMID 24387045. doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.873737. 已忽略未知參數
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