美国性文化：修订间差异

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2022年7月15日 (五) 03:20的版本

美国的性（英語：Sexuality in the United States）在美国的不同地区或不同历史时期会有不同的态度。

历史变化

在近代早期，美国因为性壓抑而闻名，这部分原因是受到了清教徒的影响。在维多利亚时代，浪漫关系越来越被视为是性行为的重要组成部分^[1]。一项关于战间期研究表明，女性在性方面的谨慎程度远远高于男性。在一项民意调查中，47%的女性认为婚前性行为是邪恶的；而男性中则只有28%的人持相同态度^[2]。1960年代被认为是美国的性革命时代，这一时期的婚外性行为发生率大幅度增加^[3]。

媒体舆论

一些學者認為美國媒体是世上最有性挑逗成份的^[4]。此一觀點往往認為美國的电影、电视節目、音乐愈來愈露骨——不論在对话上、歌词上，還是行為舉止上也是如此。此外當中可能包含錯誤失實的訊息。一些學者認為仍處於發展階段的青少年較容易被相關訊息誤導^[5]。一份2001年的報告指出，媒体是青少年獲得性資訊的第二主要渠道，僅次於學校性教育課程^[6]，不過一份2004年報告則稱「媒体仍是獲得避孕訊息的最主要渠道，拋離學校課程及照料者」^[4]。

媒体較常在情感方面描述性的壞處，比如内疚、失望，對於像性傳播感染或懷孕般的生物性風險則顯得較為忽視^[7]。一項傳媒分析顯示，媒体較常著墨於未婚伴侶的性關係，當中「甚少」會用到避孕套等避孕方法或器具^[8]。大多節目或電影不會著墨性行為的後果，只有10%包含性行為場面的節目會交代相關風險及責任，比方說性傳播感染或懷孕^[9]。在面向青少年的電視節目當中，九成以上集數提到了性，平均提及次數（每小時）達7.9次^[10]。

不過政府的統計數字顯示，自1991年起，從事過性交的青少年及青少年懷孕比率銳減了不少，即使同期媒體愈發露骨^[11]。有分析表示，这说明Y世代及Z世代出現了性慾低下及去性化的傾向^[12]。

人口统计

在2016年，大约有4.1%的美国人自称是女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者或跨性别者^[13]。美国约有99%的成年人是有性欲的；而同时还有1%的成年人是没有任何性欲的^[14]。一项研究表明，性与幸福并没有关联，性活跃和无性欲的美国人都呈现出差不多的幸福感^[15]。在20岁到29岁这个年龄段中，女性以11%的出轨率略高于男性的10%^[16]。

法律问题

在美国，只要性行为没有直接或经中介的货币交易行为，经过性同意并达到成年年龄且之间没有血亲关系，那么通常是合法的。

当代情况

在21世紀，美國人整體上對同性戀更為寬容^[17]，不過仍有不少法律條文反映出異性戀霸權的傾向^[18]。一項調查發現Y世代平均比起上一代更少發生性行為^[19]。這使得一些分析開始反思有關「年輕一代放蕩不堪」的道德恐慌^[20]。OkCupid網站認為波特蘭是全美國最為放蕩的城市^[21]。一些研究表明，與歐洲人相比，美國人在性上顯得較為保守及恐懼^[22]。

参考资料

^ The Puritans really loved having sex. 纽约邮报 (美联社). 2016-10-21 [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-17）.
^ Karlyn Bowman. Is Premarital Sex Wicked? Changing Attitudes About Morality. 福布斯. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ Jackson J. Spielvogel. Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500 8th Edition. Cengage Learning. 2011: 897 [2020-07-03]. ISBN 9781111342135.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Victor C. Strasburger, MD (2005). "Adolescents, Sex, and the Media: Ooooo, Baby, Baby – a Q & A （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Adolesc Med. 16 (2): 269–288.
^ Gruber, Enid; Grube, Joel. Adolescent Sexuality and the Media. Western Journal of Medicine. 3. 2000, 172 (3): 210–214. PMC 1070813 . PMID 10734819. doi:10.1136/ewjm.172.3.210.
^ American Academy Of Pediatrics. Committee On Public Education, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2001). "Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media". Pediatrics. 107 (1): 191–1994
^ Roberts; Henriksen & Foehr. Adolescence, adolescents, and media. Handbook of Adolescent Sexuality 3rd. 2009, 2: 314–344. ISBN 9780470479193. doi:10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002010.
^ Jones, Sam. Media 'influence' adolescent sex. the Guardian. 2006-03-22 [2018-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-25）.
^ Teen Health and the Media. depts.washington.edu. [2018-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）.
^ Jennifer Stevens Aubrey (2004). "Sex and Punishment: An Examination of Sexual Consequences and the Sexual Double Standard in Teen Programming （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Sex Roles. 50 (7–8): 505–514
^ Childstats.gov - America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2017 - Sexual Activity. childstats.gov. [2018-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-17）.
^ Twenge, Jean M., Ryne A. Sherman, and Brooke E. Wells. "Declines in sexual frequency among American adults, 1989–2014 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）." Archives of sexual behavior 46.8 (2017): 2389-2401.
^ Gary J. Gates. In U.S., More Adults Identifying as LGBT. 盖洛普. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-01）.
^ Morag A Yule; Lori A Brotto; Boris B Gorzalka. Sexual Fantasy and Masturbation Among Asexual Individuals: An In-Depth Exploration. Archives Of Sexual Behavior. 2017-01, 46 (1): 311–328 [2020-07-03]. PMID 27882477. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0870-8. （原始内容存档于2020-10-31）.
^ Jean H. Kim; Wilson S. Tam; Peter Muennig. Sociodemographic Correlates of Sexlessness Among American Adults and Associations with Self-Reported Happiness Levels: Evidence from the U.S. General Social Survey. Archives Of Sexual Behavior. 2017-11, 46 (8): 2403–2415 [2020-07-03]. PMID 28275930. doi:10.1007/s10508-017-0968-7. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
^ Natalia Lusinski. Millennial Women Are Cheating More Than Millennial Men, A New Survey Finds. 喧嚣（英语：Bustle (magazine)）. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-01）.
^ Powell, David. 21st-Century Gay Culture. 2009: 54.
^ Paredes, Audrey Darlene. "US Central Americans: reconstructing memories, struggles, and communities of resistance." InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies 14.1 (2018).
^ Post, Tara Bahrampour The Washington. Americans are having less sex than they once did. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）.
^ Twenge, Jean M; Sherman, Ryne A; Wells, Brooke E. Sexual Inactivity During Young Adulthood is More Common Among U.S. Millennials and iGen: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Having No Sexual Partners After Age 18. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2016, 46 (2): 433–440. PMID 27480753. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0798-z.
^ Top 10 most promiscuous cities in the U.S.. 2011-12-06 [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-26）.
^ Hatfield, Elaine, and Richard L. Rapson. "Historical and cross-cultural perspectives on passionate love and sexual desire." Annual Review of Sex Research 4.1 (1993):"Do American states with more religious or conservative populations search more for sexual content on Google?." Archives of Sexual Behavior 44.1 (2015): 137-147

[1] The Puritans really loved having sex. 纽约邮报 (美联社). 2016-10-21 [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-17）.

[2] Karlyn Bowman. Is Premarital Sex Wicked? Changing Attitudes About Morality. 福布斯. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[3] Jackson J. Spielvogel. Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500 8th Edition. Cengage Learning. 2011: 897 [2020-07-03]. ISBN 9781111342135.

[Strasburger-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Victor C. Strasburger, MD (2005). "Adolescents, Sex, and the Media: Ooooo, Baby, Baby – a Q & A （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Adolesc Med. 16 (2): 269–288.

[5] Gruber, Enid; Grube, Joel. Adolescent Sexuality and the Media. Western Journal of Medicine. 3. 2000, 172 (3): 210–214. PMC 1070813 . PMID 10734819. doi:10.1136/ewjm.172.3.210.

[6] American Academy Of Pediatrics. Committee On Public Education, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2001). "Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media". Pediatrics. 107 (1): 191–1994

[Roberts_et_al.-7] Roberts; Henriksen & Foehr. Adolescence, adolescents, and media. Handbook of Adolescent Sexuality 3rd. 2009, 2: 314–344. ISBN 9780470479193. doi:10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002010.

[8] Jones, Sam. Media 'influence' adolescent sex. the Guardian. 2006-03-22 [2018-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-25）.

[9] Teen Health and the Media. depts.washington.edu. [2018-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）.

[10] Jennifer Stevens Aubrey (2004). "Sex and Punishment: An Examination of Sexual Consequences and the Sexual Double Standard in Teen Programming （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Sex Roles. 50 (7–8): 505–514

[11] Childstats.gov - America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2017 - Sexual Activity. childstats.gov. [2018-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-17）.

[12] Twenge, Jean M., Ryne A. Sherman, and Brooke E. Wells. "Declines in sexual frequency among American adults, 1989–2014 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）." Archives of sexual behavior 46.8 (2017): 2389-2401.

[13] Gary J. Gates. In U.S., More Adults Identifying as LGBT. 盖洛普. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-01）.

[14] Morag A Yule; Lori A Brotto; Boris B Gorzalka. Sexual Fantasy and Masturbation Among Asexual Individuals: An In-Depth Exploration. Archives Of Sexual Behavior. 2017-01, 46 (1): 311–328 [2020-07-03]. PMID 27882477. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0870-8. （原始内容存档于2020-10-31）.

[15] Jean H. Kim; Wilson S. Tam; Peter Muennig. Sociodemographic Correlates of Sexlessness Among American Adults and Associations with Self-Reported Happiness Levels: Evidence from the U.S. General Social Survey. Archives Of Sexual Behavior. 2017-11, 46 (8): 2403–2415 [2020-07-03]. PMID 28275930. doi:10.1007/s10508-017-0968-7. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.

[16] Natalia Lusinski. Millennial Women Are Cheating More Than Millennial Men, A New Survey Finds. 喧嚣（英语：Bustle (magazine)）. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-01）.

[17] Powell, David. 21st-Century Gay Culture. 2009: 54.

[18] Paredes, Audrey Darlene. "US Central Americans: reconstructing memories, struggles, and communities of resistance." InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies 14.1 (2018).

[19] Post, Tara Bahrampour The Washington. Americans are having less sex than they once did. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）.

[20] Twenge, Jean M; Sherman, Ryne A; Wells, Brooke E. Sexual Inactivity During Young Adulthood is More Common Among U.S. Millennials and iGen: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Having No Sexual Partners After Age 18. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2016, 46 (2): 433–440. PMID 27480753. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0798-z.

[21] Top 10 most promiscuous cities in the U.S.. 2011-12-06 [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-26）.

[22] Hatfield, Elaine, and Richard L. Rapson. "Historical and cross-cultural perspectives on passionate love and sexual desire." Annual Review of Sex Research 4.1 (1993):"Do American states with more religious or conservative populations search more for sexual content on Google?." Archives of Sexual Behavior 44.1 (2015): 137-147

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 == 历史变化 ==
-在[[近世|近代早期]]，美国因为性壓抑而闻名，这部分原因是受到了[[清教徒]]的影响。在[[维多利亚时代]]，[[浪漫关系]]越来越被视为是[[人类性行为|性行为]]的重要组成部分<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2016/10/21/the-puritans-really-loved-having-sex/ |title=The Puritans really loved having sex |work=[[纽约邮报]] |publisher=[[美联社]] |date=2016-10-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203151/https://nypost.com/2016/10/21/the-puritans-really-loved-having-sex/ |archivedate=2020-01-17 |accessdate=2020-07-03 }}</ref>。一项关于[[战间期]]研究表明，女性在性方面的谨慎程度远远高于男性。在一项民意调查中，47%的女性认为[[婚前性行为]]是邪恶的；而男性中则只有28%的人持相同态度<ref>{{cite web |author1=Karlyn Bowman |title=Is Premarital Sex Wicked? Changing Attitudes About Morality |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bowmanmarsico/2018/01/03/is-premarital-sex-wicked-changing-attitudes-about-morality/ |publisher=[[福布斯]] |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。1960年代被认为是美国的[[性革命]]时代，这一时期的{{Link-en|婚外性行为|Extramarital sex}}发生率大幅度增加<ref>{{cite book |author1=Jackson J. Spielvogel |title=Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500 |date=2011 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=9781111342135 |page=897 |edition=8th Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHm1BSGiudAC |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。
+在[[近世|近代早期]]，美国因为性壓抑而闻名，这部分原因是受到了[[清教徒]]的影响。在[[维多利亚时代]]，[[浪漫关系]]越来越被视为是[[人类性行为|性行为]]的重要组成部分<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2016/10/21/the-puritans-really-loved-having-sex/ |title=The Puritans really loved having sex |work=[[纽约邮报]] |publisher=[[美联社]] |date=2016-10-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203151/https://nypost.com/2016/10/21/the-puritans-really-loved-having-sex/ |archivedate=2020-01-17 |accessdate=2020-07-03 }}</ref>。一项关于[[战间期]]研究表明，女性在性方面的谨慎程度远远高于男性。在一项民意调查中，47%的女性认为[[婚前性行为]]是邪恶的；而男性中则只有28%的人持相同态度<ref>{{cite web |author1=Karlyn Bowman |title=Is Premarital Sex Wicked? Changing Attitudes About Morality |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bowmanmarsico/2018/01/03/is-premarital-sex-wicked-changing-attitudes-about-morality/ |publisher=[[福布斯]] |accessdate=2020-07-03 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308111005/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bowmanmarsico/2018/01/03/is-premarital-sex-wicked-changing-attitudes-about-morality/ }}</ref>。1960年代被认为是美国的[[性革命]]时代，这一时期的{{Link-en|婚外性行为|Extramarital sex}}发生率大幅度增加<ref>{{cite book |author1=Jackson J. Spielvogel |title=Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500 |date=2011 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=9781111342135 |page=897 |edition=8th Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHm1BSGiudAC |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。
 == 媒体舆论 ==
-一些學者認為美國媒体是世上最有性挑逗成份的<ref name="Strasburger">Victor C. Strasburger, MD (2005). "[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.527.8224&rep=rep1&type=pdf Adolescents, Sex, and the Media: Ooooo, Baby, Baby – a Q & A]". Adolesc Med. 16 (2): 269–288.</ref>。此一觀點往往認為美國的电影、电视節目、音乐愈來愈露骨——不論在对话上、歌词上，還是行為舉止上也是如此。此外當中可能包含錯誤失實的訊息。一些學者認為仍處於發展階段的青少年較容易被相關訊息誤導<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gruber|first1=Enid|last2=Grube|first2=Joel|title=Adolescent Sexuality and the Media|journal=Western Journal of Medicine|date= 2000|volume=172|issue=3|series=3|pages=210–214|doi=10.1136/ewjm.172.3.210|pmid=10734819|pmc=1070813}}</ref>。一份2001年的報告指出，媒体是青少年獲得性資訊的第二主要渠道，僅次於學校性教育課程<ref>American Academy Of Pediatrics. Committee On Public Education, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2001). "Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media". Pediatrics. 107 (1): 191–1994</ref>，不過一份2004年報告則稱「媒体仍是獲得避孕訊息的最主要渠道，拋離學校課程及照料者」<ref name="Strasburger" />。
+一些學者認為美國媒体是世上最有性挑逗成份的<ref name="Strasburger">Victor C. Strasburger, MD (2005). "[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.527.8224&rep=rep1&type=pdf Adolescents, Sex, and the Media: Ooooo, Baby, Baby – a Q & A] {{Wayback|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.527.8224&rep=rep1&type=pdf |date=20190330193225 }}". Adolesc Med. 16 (2): 269–288.</ref>。此一觀點往往認為美國的电影、电视節目、音乐愈來愈露骨——不論在对话上、歌词上，還是行為舉止上也是如此。此外當中可能包含錯誤失實的訊息。一些學者認為仍處於發展階段的青少年較容易被相關訊息誤導<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gruber|first1=Enid|last2=Grube|first2=Joel|title=Adolescent Sexuality and the Media|journal=Western Journal of Medicine|date= 2000|volume=172|issue=3|series=3|pages=210–214|doi=10.1136/ewjm.172.3.210|pmid=10734819|pmc=1070813}}</ref>。一份2001年的報告指出，媒体是青少年獲得性資訊的第二主要渠道，僅次於學校性教育課程<ref>American Academy Of Pediatrics. Committee On Public Education, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2001). "Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media". Pediatrics. 107 (1): 191–1994</ref>，不過一份2004年報告則稱「媒体仍是獲得避孕訊息的最主要渠道，拋離學校課程及照料者」<ref name="Strasburger" />。
-媒体較常在情感方面描述性的壞處，比如内疚、失望，對於像性傳播感染或懷孕般的生物性風險則顯得較為忽視<ref name="Roberts et al.">{{cite journal | author1=Roberts| author2=Henriksen| author3=Foehr| last-author-amp=yes| title=Adolescence, adolescents, and media| journal=Handbook of Adolescent Sexuality| edition=3rd| year=2009| volume=2| pages=314–344| doi=10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002010| isbn=9780470479193}}</ref>。一項傳媒分析顯示，媒体較常著墨於未婚伴侶的性關係，當中「甚少」會用到避孕套等避孕方法或器具<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/22/pressandpublishing.broadcasting|title=Media 'influence' adolescent sex|first=Sam|last=Jones|date=2006-03-22|website=the Guardian|accessdate=2018-04-09}}</ref>。大多節目或電影不會著墨性行為的後果，只有10%包含性行為場面的節目會交代相關風險及責任，比方說性傳播感染或懷孕<ref>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/thmedia/view.cgi?section=medialiteracy&page=fastfacts|title=Teen Health and the Media|author=|date=|website=depts.washington.edu|accessdate=2018-04-09}}</ref>。在面向青少年的電視節目當中，九成以上集數提到了性，平均提及次數（每小時）達7.9次<ref>Jennifer Stevens Aubrey (2004). "[https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/45633/11199_2004_Article_483670.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Sex and Punishment: An Examination of Sexual Consequences and the Sexual Double Standard in Teen Programming]". Sex Roles. 50 (7–8): 505–514</ref>。
+媒体較常在情感方面描述性的壞處，比如内疚、失望，對於像性傳播感染或懷孕般的生物性風險則顯得較為忽視<ref name="Roberts et al.">{{cite journal | author1=Roberts| author2=Henriksen| author3=Foehr| last-author-amp=yes| title=Adolescence, adolescents, and media| journal=Handbook of Adolescent Sexuality| edition=3rd| year=2009| volume=2| pages=314–344| doi=10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002010| isbn=9780470479193}}</ref>。一項傳媒分析顯示，媒体較常著墨於未婚伴侶的性關係，當中「甚少」會用到避孕套等避孕方法或器具<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/22/pressandpublishing.broadcasting|title=Media 'influence' adolescent sex|first=Sam|last=Jones|date=2006-03-22|website=the Guardian|accessdate=2018-04-09|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125101438/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/22/pressandpublishing.broadcasting}}</ref>。大多節目或電影不會著墨性行為的後果，只有10%包含性行為場面的節目會交代相關風險及責任，比方說性傳播感染或懷孕<ref>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/thmedia/view.cgi?section=medialiteracy&page=fastfacts|title=Teen Health and the Media|author=|date=|website=depts.washington.edu|accessdate=2018-04-09|archive-date=2021-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505102440/http://depts.washington.edu/thmedia/view.cgi?section=medialiteracy&page=fastfacts}}</ref>。在面向青少年的電視節目當中，九成以上集數提到了性，平均提及次數（每小時）達7.9次<ref>Jennifer Stevens Aubrey (2004). "[https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/45633/11199_2004_Article_483670.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Sex and Punishment: An Examination of Sexual Consequences and the Sexual Double Standard in Teen Programming] {{Wayback|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/45633/11199_2004_Article_483670.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |date=20190412134254 }}". Sex Roles. 50 (7–8): 505–514</ref>。
-不過政府的統計數字顯示，自1991年起，從事過性交的青少年及青少年懷孕比率銳減了不少，即使同期媒體愈發露骨<ref>{{cite web|url=http://childstats.gov/americaschildren/beh4.asp|title=Childstats.gov - America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2017 - Sexual Activity|author=|date=|website=childstats.gov|accessdate=2018-04-09}}</ref>。有分析表示，这说明Y世代及Z世代出現了性慾低下及去性化的傾向<ref>Twenge, Jean M., Ryne A. Sherman, and Brooke E. Wells. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brooke_Wells/publication/314273096_Declines_in_Sexual_Frequency_among_American_Adults_1989-2014/links/58c801c492851c2b9d3d3ead/Declines-in-Sexual-Frequency-among-American-Adults-1989-2014.pdf Declines in sexual frequency among American adults, 1989–2014]." Archives of sexual behavior 46.8 (2017): 2389-2401.</ref>。
+不過政府的統計數字顯示，自1991年起，從事過性交的青少年及青少年懷孕比率銳減了不少，即使同期媒體愈發露骨<ref>{{cite web|url=http://childstats.gov/americaschildren/beh4.asp|title=Childstats.gov - America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2017 - Sexual Activity|author=|date=|website=childstats.gov|accessdate=2018-04-09|archive-date=2012-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317110130/http://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/beh4.asp}}</ref>。有分析表示，这说明Y世代及Z世代出現了性慾低下及去性化的傾向<ref>Twenge, Jean M., Ryne A. Sherman, and Brooke E. Wells. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brooke_Wells/publication/314273096_Declines_in_Sexual_Frequency_among_American_Adults_1989-2014/links/58c801c492851c2b9d3d3ead/Declines-in-Sexual-Frequency-among-American-Adults-1989-2014.pdf Declines in sexual frequency among American adults, 1989–2014] {{Wayback|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brooke_Wells/publication/314273096_Declines_in_Sexual_Frequency_among_American_Adults_1989-2014/links/58c801c492851c2b9d3d3ead/Declines-in-Sexual-Frequency-among-American-Adults-1989-2014.pdf |date=20200511020511 }}." Archives of sexual behavior 46.8 (2017): 2389-2401.</ref>。
 == 人口统计 ==
-在2016年，大约有4.1%的[[美国人]]自称是[[女同性恋者]]、[[男同性恋者]]、[[双性恋者]]或[[跨性别者]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Gary J. Gates |title=In U.S., More Adults Identifying as LGBT |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/201731/lgbt-identification-rises.aspx |publisher=[[盖洛普]] |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。美国约有99%的成年人是有性欲的；而同时还有1%的成年人是没有任何性欲的<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Morag A Yule |author2=Lori A Brotto |author3=Boris B Gorzalka |title=Sexual Fantasy and Masturbation Among Asexual Individuals: An In-Depth Exploration |journal=Archives Of Sexual Behavior |date=2017-01 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=311-328 |doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0870-8 |pmid=27882477 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27882477/ |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。一项研究表明，性与幸福并没有关联，性活跃和无性欲的美国人都呈现出差不多的幸福感<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jean H. Kim |author2=Wilson S. Tam |coauthors=Peter Muennig |title=Sociodemographic Correlates of Sexlessness Among American Adults and Associations with Self-Reported Happiness Levels: Evidence from the U.S. General Social Survey |journal=Archives Of Sexual Behavior |date=2017-11 |volume=46 |issue=8 |pages=2403–2415 |doi=10.1007/s10508-017-0968-7 |pmid=28275930 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889124 |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。在20岁到29岁这个年龄段中，女性以11%的出轨率略高于男性的10%<ref>{{cite web |author1=Natalia Lusinski |title=Millennial Women Are Cheating More Than Millennial Men, A New Survey Finds |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/millennial-women-are-cheating-more-than-millennial-men-a-new-survey-finds-7873841 |publisher={{Link-en|喧嚣 (网络杂志)|Bustle (magazine)|喧嚣}} |accessdate=2020-07-03}}</ref>。
+在2016年，大约有4.1%的[[美国人]]自称是[[女同性恋者]]、[[男同性恋者]]、[[双性恋者]]或[[跨性别者]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Gary J. Gates |title=In U.S., More Adults Identifying as LGBT |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/201731/lgbt-identification-rises.aspx |publisher=[[盖洛普]] |accessdate=2020-07-03 |archive-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501142714/https://news.gallup.com/poll/201731/lgbt-identification-rises.aspx }}</ref>。美国约有99%的成年人是有性欲的；而同时还有1%的成年人是没有任何性欲的<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Morag A Yule |author2=Lori A Brotto |author3=Boris B Gorzalka |title=Sexual Fantasy and Masturbation Among Asexual Individuals: An In-Depth Exploration |journal=Archives Of Sexual Behavior |date=2017-01 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=311-328 |doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0870-8 |pmid=27882477 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27882477/ |accessdate=2020-07-03 |archive-date=2020-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031190616/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27882477/ }}</ref>。一项研究表明，性与幸福并没有关联，性活跃和无性欲的美国人都呈现出差不多的幸福感<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jean H. Kim |author2=Wilson S. Tam |coauthors=Peter Muennig |title=Sociodemographic Correlates of Sexlessness Among American Adults and Associations with Self-Reported Happiness Levels: Evidence from the U.S. General Social Survey |journal=Archives Of Sexual Behavior |date=2017-11 |volume=46 |issue=8 |pages=2403–2415 |doi=10.1007/s10508-017-0968-7 |pmid=28275930 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889124 |accessdate=2020-07-03 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031919/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889124/ }}</ref>。在20岁到29岁这个年龄段中，女性以11%的出轨率略高于男性的10%<ref>{{cite web |author1=Natalia Lusinski |title=Millennial Women Are Cheating More Than Millennial Men, A New Survey Finds |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/millennial-women-are-cheating-more-than-millennial-men-a-new-survey-finds-7873841 |publisher={{Link-en|喧嚣 (网络杂志)|Bustle (magazine)|喧嚣}} |accessdate=2020-07-03 |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101012614/https://www.bustle.com/p/millennial-women-are-cheating-more-than-millennial-men-a-new-survey-finds-7873841 }}</ref>。
 == 法律问题 ==
@@ 第18行： / 第18行： @@
 == 当代情况 ==
-在21世紀，美國人整體上對同性戀更為寬容<ref>{{cite book|last1=Powell|first1=David|title=21st-Century Gay Culture|date=2009|page=54}}</ref>，不過仍有不少法律條文反映出[[異性戀霸權]]的傾向<ref>Paredes, Audrey Darlene. "US Central Americans: reconstructing memories, struggles, and communities of resistance." InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies 14.1 (2018).</ref>。一項調查發現Y世代平均比起上一代更少發生性行為<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pilotonline.com/life/tbd/americans-are-having-less-sex-than-they-once-did/article_d996a62b-705f-5911-9724-c5eed370e38e.html|title=Americans are having less sex than they once did|first=Tara Bahrampour The Washington|last=Post|publisher=}}</ref>。這使得一些分析開始反思有關「年輕一代放蕩不堪」的道德恐慌<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0798-z |pmid=27480753 |title=Sexual Inactivity During Young Adulthood is More Common Among U.S. Millennials and iGen: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Having No Sexual Partners After Age 18 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=433–440 |year=2016 |last1=Twenge |first1=Jean M |last2=Sherman |first2=Ryne A |last3=Wells |first3=Brooke E }}</ref>。OkCupid網站認為[[波特蘭_(俄勒岡州)|波特蘭]]是全美國最為放蕩的城市<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/top-10-most-promiscuous-cities-in-the-us/10/|title=Top 10 most promiscuous cities in the U.S.|date=2011-12-06|publisher=}}</ref>。一些研究表明，與歐洲人相比，美國人在性上顯得較為保守及恐懼<ref>Hatfield, Elaine, and Richard L. Rapson. "Historical and cross-cultural perspectives on passionate love and sexual desire." Annual Review of Sex Research 4.1 (1993):"Do American states with more religious or conservative populations search more for sexual content on Google?." Archives of Sexual Behavior 44.1 (2015): 137-147</ref>。
+在21世紀，美國人整體上對同性戀更為寬容<ref>{{cite book|last1=Powell|first1=David|title=21st-Century Gay Culture|date=2009|page=54}}</ref>，不過仍有不少法律條文反映出[[異性戀霸權]]的傾向<ref>Paredes, Audrey Darlene. "US Central Americans: reconstructing memories, struggles, and communities of resistance." InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies 14.1 (2018).</ref>。一項調查發現Y世代平均比起上一代更少發生性行為<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pilotonline.com/life/tbd/americans-are-having-less-sex-than-they-once-did/article_d996a62b-705f-5911-9724-c5eed370e38e.html|title=Americans are having less sex than they once did|first=Tara Bahrampour The Washington|last=Post|publisher=|access-date=2020-07-03|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233105/https://pilotonline.com/life/tbd/americans-are-having-less-sex-than-they-once-did/article_d996a62b-705f-5911-9724-c5eed370e38e.html}}</ref>。這使得一些分析開始反思有關「年輕一代放蕩不堪」的道德恐慌<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0798-z |pmid=27480753 |title=Sexual Inactivity During Young Adulthood is More Common Among U.S. Millennials and iGen: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Having No Sexual Partners After Age 18 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=433–440 |year=2016 |last1=Twenge |first1=Jean M |last2=Sherman |first2=Ryne A |last3=Wells |first3=Brooke E }}</ref>。OkCupid網站認為[[波特蘭_(俄勒岡州)|波特蘭]]是全美國最為放蕩的城市<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/top-10-most-promiscuous-cities-in-the-us/10/|title=Top 10 most promiscuous cities in the U.S.|date=2011-12-06|publisher=|access-date=2020-07-03|archive-date=2021-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326161325/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/top-10-most-promiscuous-cities-in-the-us/10/}}</ref>。一些研究表明，與歐洲人相比，美國人在性上顯得較為保守及恐懼<ref>Hatfield, Elaine, and Richard L. Rapson. "Historical and cross-cultural perspectives on passionate love and sexual desire." Annual Review of Sex Research 4.1 (1993):"Do American states with more religious or conservative populations search more for sexual content on Google?." Archives of Sexual Behavior 44.1 (2015): 137-147</ref>。
 == 参考资料 ==