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== [[旧石器时代]] ==
== [[旧石器时代]] ==
* 不确定：[[音乐]]，[[语言]]，[[迷宮]]
* 不确定：[[音乐]]，[[迷宮]]
* 260万年前：[[石器]]（[[奥尔德沃]]），[[埃塞俄比亚]]，<ref>{{cite journal | author=Semaw, S. |author2=M. J. Rogers |author3=J. Quade |author4=P. R. Renne |author5=R. F. Butler |author6=M. Domínguez-Rodrigo |author7=D. Stout |author8=W. S. Hart |author9=T. Pickering |author10= S. W. Simpson | year=2003 |title=2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia | journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=45 |pages=169–177 | doi=10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00093-9 | pmid=14529651}}</ref> 最早的发现源于[[惊奇南方古猿]]<ref name="de Heinzelin">{{cite journal | last1 = De Heinzelin | first1 = J | last2 = Clark | first2 = JD | last3 = White | first3 = T | last4 = Hart | first4 = W | last5 = Renne | first5 = P | last6 = Woldegabriel | first6 = G | last7 = Beyene | first7 = Y | last8 = Vrba | first8 = E | title = Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids | journal = Science | volume = 284 | issue = 5414 | pages = 625–9 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10213682 | doi=10.1126/science.284.5414.625}}</ref>
* 260万年前：[[石器]]（[[奥尔德沃]]），[[埃塞俄比亚]]，<ref>{{cite journal | author=Semaw, S. |author2=M. J. Rogers |author3=J. Quade |author4=P. R. Renne |author5=R. F. Butler |author6=M. Domínguez-Rodrigo |author7=D. Stout |author8=W. S. Hart |author9=T. Pickering |author10= S. W. Simpson | year=2003 |title=2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia | journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=45 |pages=169–177 | doi=10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00093-9 | pmid=14529651}}</ref> 最早的发现源于[[惊奇南方古猿]]<ref name="de Heinzelin">{{cite journal | last1 = De Heinzelin | first1 = J | last2 = Clark | first2 = JD | last3 = White | first3 = T | last4 = Hart | first4 = W | last5 = Renne | first5 = P | last6 = Woldegabriel | first6 = G | last7 = Beyene | first7 = Y | last8 = Vrba | first8 = E | title = Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids | journal = Science | volume = 284 | issue = 5414 | pages = 625–9 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10213682 | doi=10.1126/science.284.5414.625}}</ref>
* 230万年前：可能是最早的[[早期人类对火的使用|对火的使用]]、[[烹饪]]，[[坦桑尼亚]]，[[能人]]<ref>[http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/06/invention-of-cooking-drove-evolution-of-the-human-species-new-book-argues/ Harvard Gazette, Invention of cooking drove evolution of the human species]</ref><ref name="Miller">http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/09-archaeologists-find-earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire "Until the Wonderwerk Cave find, Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, a lakeside site in Israel, was considered to have the oldest generally accepted evidence of human-controlled fire."</ref><ref name="James">{{cite journal|last=James|first=Steven R.|date=February 1989|title=Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence|journal=Current Anthropology|url=http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/archaeology/Publications/Hearths/Hominid%20Use%20of%20Fire%20in%20the%20Lower%20and%20Middle%20Pleistocene.pdf|volume=30|issue=1|pages=1–26|publisher=University of Chicago Press|doi=10.1086/203705|accessdate=2012-04-04|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212084645/http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/archaeology/Publications/Hearths/Hominid%20Use%20of%20Fire%20in%20the%20Lower%20and%20Middle%20Pleistocene.pdf|archivedate=2015年12月12日|df=}}</ref>
* 230万年前：可能是最早的[[早期人类对火的使用|对火的使用]]、[[烹饪]]，[[坦桑尼亚]]，[[能人]]<ref>[http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/06/invention-of-cooking-drove-evolution-of-the-human-species-new-book-argues/ Harvard Gazette, Invention of cooking drove evolution of the human species]</ref><ref name="Miller">http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/09-archaeologists-find-earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire "Until the Wonderwerk Cave find, Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, a lakeside site in Israel, was considered to have the oldest generally accepted evidence of human-controlled fire."</ref><ref name="James">{{cite journal|last=James|first=Steven R.|date=February 1989|title=Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence|journal=Current Anthropology|url=http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/archaeology/Publications/Hearths/Hominid%20Use%20of%20Fire%20in%20the%20Lower%20and%20Middle%20Pleistocene.pdf|volume=30|issue=1|pages=1–26|publisher=University of Chicago Press|doi=10.1086/203705|accessdate=2012-04-04|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212084645/http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/archaeology/Publications/Hearths/Hominid%20Use%20of%20Fire%20in%20the%20Lower%20and%20Middle%20Pleistocene.pdf|archivedate=2015年12月12日|df=}}</ref>
第45行： 第45行：
* 40万年前：[[颜料]]，[[赞比亚]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/733747.stm Earliest evidence of art found]</ref>
* 40万年前：[[颜料]]，[[赞比亚]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/733747.stm Earliest evidence of art found]</ref>
* 40万年前：[[矛]]，[[德国]]<ref>Kouwenhoven, Arlette P., [http://www.archaeology.org/9705/newsbriefs/spears.html World's Oldest Spears]</ref>
* 40万年前：[[矛]]，[[德国]]<ref>Kouwenhoven, Arlette P., [http://www.archaeology.org/9705/newsbriefs/spears.html World's Oldest Spears]</ref>
* 35万-15万年前：（估计）[[语言的起源|语言]] <ref name="Perreault 2012">{{Cite journal | last1 = Perreault | first1 = C. | last2 = Mathew | first2 = S. | title = Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = e35289 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035289 | pmid = 22558135 | pmc = 3338724| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735289P }}</ref>
* 20万年前：[[胶水]]，[[意大利]]<ref name="Mazza">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.006 |title=A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bed |year=2006 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=33 |pages=1310 |last1=Mazza |first1=PPA |last2=Martini |first2=F |last3=Sala |first3=B |last4=Magi |first4=M |last5=Colombini |first5=MP |last6=Giachi |first6=G |last7=Landucci |first7=F |last8=Lemorini |first8=C |last9=Modugno |first9=F |last10=Ribechini |first10=E |issue=9 |ref=harv}}</ref>
* 20万年前：[[胶水]]，[[意大利]]<ref name="Mazza">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.006 |title=A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bed |year=2006 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=33 |pages=1310 |last1=Mazza |first1=PPA |last2=Martini |first2=F |last3=Sala |first3=B |last4=Magi |first4=M |last5=Colombini |first5=MP |last6=Giachi |first6=G |last7=Landucci |first7=F |last8=Lemorini |first8=C |last9=Modugno |first9=F |last10=Ribechini |first10=E |issue=9 |ref=harv}}</ref>
* 17万-8万3千年前：[[History of clothing and textiles|衣服]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/molbev/msq234 | title=Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa |year=2011 |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/1/29/984822/Origin-of-Clothing-Lice-Indicates-Early-Clothing |accessdate=2017-10-02 }}</ref>
* 17万-8万3千年前：[[History of clothing and textiles|衣服]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/molbev/msq234 | title=Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa |year=2011 |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/1/29/984822/Origin-of-Clothing-Lice-Indicates-Early-Clothing |accessdate=2017-10-02 }}</ref>
* 16万4千年前：石刀，[[非洲]]、[[古代近东]]<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1175028 |title=Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/325/5942/859}}</ref>
* 13万5千-10万年前：[[珠子]]，[[以色列]]、[[阿尔及利亚]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1128139 |title=Middle Paleolithic Shell Beads in Israel and Algeria |year=2006 |journal=Science |url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/312/5781/1785 |accessdate=2017-10-02}}</ref>
* 13万5千-10万年前：[[珠子]]，[[以色列]]、[[阿尔及利亚]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1128139 |title=Middle Paleolithic Shell Beads in Israel and Algeria |year=2006 |journal=Science |url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/312/5781/1785 |accessdate=2017-10-02}}</ref>
* 10万年前：[[土葬]]，[[以色列]]<ref name="lieberman2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tS2MULo5rYC&pg=PA163 |title=Uniquely Human page 163 |publisher=Books.google.com |accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref>
* 10万年前：[[土葬]]，[[以色列]]<ref name="lieberman2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tS2MULo5rYC&pg=PA163 |title=Uniquely Human page 163 |publisher=Books.google.com |accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref>
* 9万年前：[[魚叉]]，[[刚果]]<ref>{{cite journal |title=A middle stone age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire |date=28 April 1995 |last=Yellen |first=JE |author2=AS Brooks |author3=E Cornelissen |author4=MJ Mehlman |author5=K Stewart |journal=Science |volume=268 |pages=553–556 |issue=5210 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/268/5210/553 |doi=10.1126/science.7725100 |pmid=7725100|bibcode=1995Sci...268..553Y }}</ref>
* 10万年前：石制刀片，[[非洲]]、[[古代近东]]
* 7万7千年前：[[床]]，南非<ref name="Wadley2">{{cite journal | last1 = Wadley | first1 = L | last2 = Sievers | first2 = C | last3 = Bamford | first3 = M | last4 = Goldberg | first4 = P | last5 = Berna | first5 = F | last6 = Miller | first6 = C. | year = 2011 | title = Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6061/1388.full | journal = Science | volume = 334 | issue = 6061| pages = 1388–1391 | doi=10.1126/science.1213317 | pmid=22158814| bibcode = 2011Sci...334.1388W }}</ref>
* 7万7千年前：[[床]]，南非<ref name="Wadley2">{{cite journal | last1 = Wadley | first1 = L | last2 = Sievers | first2 = C | last3 = Bamford | first3 = M | last4 = Goldberg | first4 = P | last5 = Berna | first5 = F | last6 = Miller | first6 = C. | year = 2011 | title = Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6061/1388.full | journal = Science | volume = 334 | issue = 6061| pages = 1388–1391 | doi=10.1126/science.1213317 | pmid=22158814| bibcode = 2011Sci...334.1388W }}</ref>
* 6万4千-6万1千年前：[[骨器]]，南非，以[[尖头器]]的发现为证据，可能是最早的[[弓箭]]和[[针]]<ref name="Backwell">{{cite journal | last1 = Backwell | first1 = L | last2 = Errico | first2 = F | last3 = Wadley | first3 = L. | year = 2008 | title = Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa | url = | journal = Journal of Archaeological Science | volume = 35 | issue = | pages = 1566–1580 | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Early Weapon Evidence Reveals Bloody Past|author=Jennifer Viegas|publisher=Discovery News|date=31 March 2008|url=http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/03/31/earliest-weapon-human.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015143946/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/03/31/earliest-weapon-human.html|archive-date=2012-10-15|accessdate=2015-08-20|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
* 6万4千-6万1千年前：[[骨器]]，南非，以[[尖头器]]的发现为证据，可能是最早的[[弓箭]]和[[针]]<ref name="Backwell">{{cite journal | last1 = Backwell | first1 = L | last2 = Errico | first2 = F | last3 = Wadley | first3 = L. | year = 2008 | title = Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa | url = | journal = Journal of Archaeological Science | volume = 35 | issue = | pages = 1566–1580 | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Early Weapon Evidence Reveals Bloody Past|author=Jennifer Viegas|publisher=Discovery News|date=31 March 2008|url=http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/03/31/earliest-weapon-human.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015143946/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/03/31/earliest-weapon-human.html|archive-date=2012-10-15|accessdate=2015-08-20|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
第67行： 第69行：
* 1万6千年前：[[陶器]]，[[中国]]<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2009/06/chinese_pottery_may_be_earlies.html "Chinese pottery may be earliest discovered."] [[美联社]]. 2009-06-01</ref>
* 1万6千年前：[[陶器]]，[[中国]]<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2009/06/chinese_pottery_may_be_earlies.html "Chinese pottery may be earliest discovered."] [[美联社]]. 2009-06-01</ref>
* 1万5千年前：[[吼板]]，[[乌克兰]]<ref>Gregor, Thomas. ''Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Lives of an Amazonian People''. University Of Chicago Press (1987). p. 106 "Today we know that the bullroarer is a very ancient object, specimens from France (13,000 B.C.) and the Ukraine (17,000 B.C.) dating back well into the Paleolithic period. Moreover, some archeologists, most notable Michael Boyd—notably, Gordon Willey (1971,20) and Michael Boyd (Leisure in the Dreamtime 1999,21) —now admit the bullroarer to the kit-bag of artifacts brought by the very earliest migrants to the Americas."</ref>
* 1万5千年前：[[吼板]]，[[乌克兰]]<ref>Gregor, Thomas. ''Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Lives of an Amazonian People''. University Of Chicago Press (1987). p. 106 "Today we know that the bullroarer is a very ancient object, specimens from France (13,000 B.C.) and the Ukraine (17,000 B.C.) dating back well into the Paleolithic period. Moreover, some archeologists, most notable Michael Boyd—notably, Gordon Willey (1971,20) and Michael Boyd (Leisure in the Dreamtime 1999,21) —now admit the bullroarer to the kit-bag of artifacts brought by the very earliest migrants to the Americas."</ref>
*1万4500年前：[[麵包]]，[[约旦]]<ref name="Briggs2018">{{cite web |last1=Briggs |first1=Helen |title=Prehistoric bake-off: Recipe for oldest bread revealed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44846874 |publisher=[[英国广播公司]] |accessdate=2018-07-17 |date=2018-07-17}}</ref><ref name="Arranz-Otaegui Gonzalez Carretero Ramsey Fuller p=201801071">{{cite journal | last=Arranz-Otaegui | first=Amaia | last2=Gonzalez Carretero | first2=Lara | last3=Ramsey | first3=Monica N. | last4=Fuller | first4=Dorian Q. | last5=Richter | first5=Tobias | title=Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | date=2018-07-16 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1801071115 | page=201801071}}</ref>
* 1万4千年前：[[牙醫學]]，意大利北部<ref>{{cite journal |title=Earliest evidence of dental caries manipulation in the Late Upper Palaeolithic |author=Oxilia, Gregorio et al |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep12150 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/srep12150|bibcode=2015NatSR...512150O }}</ref>
* 1万3千-1万2千年前：[[农业]]，[[新月沃土]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/archaeology/2013/07/farming-was-so-nice-it-was-invented-least-twice|title=Farming Was So Nice, It Was Invented at Least Twice|author=|date=2013-07-04|website=sciencemag.org|accessdate=2018-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/|title=The Development of Agriculture|author=|date=|website=nationalgeographic.com|accessdate=26 March 2018|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414142437/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/|archivedate=2016-04-14|df=}}</ref>
* 1万3千-1万1千年前：[[驯化]][[綿羊]]，[[西亚]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Krebs, Robert E. |author2=Carolyn A. |lastauthoramp=yes | title=Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World | location=Westport, CT | publisher=Greenwood Press | year=2003 | isbn=0-313-31342-3}}</ref><ref name="storey">{{cite book |title=Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep |last=Simmons |first=Paula |author2=Carol Ekarius |year=2001 |publisher=Storey Publishing LLC |location=North Adams, MA |isbn=978-1-58017-262-2 }}</ref>（之后驯化猪、山羊、牛）


== [[新石器时代]] ==
== [[新石器时代]] ==

2018年11月26日 (一) 06:44的版本

以下是以时间来排列各项发明：

  • 发明时间经常是具有争议的，一项发明也往往在相同时间由多个发明者发明。

旧石器时代

新石器时代

前10千年

前9千年

前8千年

前7千年

前6千年

前5千年

前4千年

前3千年

前2千年

前1千年

第1千年

第2千年

11世纪

12世纪

13世纪

14世纪

15世纪

16世纪

17世纪

18世纪

19世紀

1800年代

1810年代

1820年代

1830年代

1840年代

1850年代

1860年代

1870年代

1880年代

1890年代

20世纪

1900年代

1910年代

1920年代

1930年代

1940年代

and MP3

1950年代

1960年代

1970年代

1980年代

1990年代

第3千年

21世纪

2000年代

参见

脚注

  1. ^ Semaw, S.; M. J. Rogers; J. Quade; P. R. Renne; R. F. Butler; M. Domínguez-Rodrigo; D. Stout; W. S. Hart; T. Pickering; S. W. Simpson. 2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2003, 45: 169–177. PMID 14529651. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00093-9. 
  2. ^ De Heinzelin, J; Clark, JD; White, T; Hart, W; Renne, P; Woldegabriel, G; Beyene, Y; Vrba, E. Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids. Science. 1999, 284 (5414): 625–9. PMID 10213682. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625. 
  3. ^ Harvard Gazette, Invention of cooking drove evolution of the human species
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/09-archaeologists-find-earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire "Until the Wonderwerk Cave find, Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, a lakeside site in Israel, was considered to have the oldest generally accepted evidence of human-controlled fire."
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 James, Steven R. Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence (PDF). Current Anthropology (University of Chicago Press). February 1989, 30 (1): 1–26 [2012-04-04]. doi:10.1086/203705. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015年12月12日）. 
  6. ^ http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2839 "Anthropologists have yet to find an Acheulian hand axe gripped in a Homo erectus fist but most credit Homo erectus with developing the technology."
  7. ^ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v477/n7362/abs/nature10372.html
  8. ^ http://www.sciencemag.org/content/304/5671/725.full
  9. ^ Stiner, Mary C.; Gopher, Avi; Barkai, Ran. Hearth-side socioeconomics, hunting and paleoecology during the late Lower Paleolithic at Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution. 2011, 60 (2): 213–33. PMID 21146194. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.10.006. 
  10. ^ Hadfield, Peter, Gimme Shelter
  11. ^ Earliest evidence of art found
  12. ^ Kouwenhoven, Arlette P., World's Oldest Spears
  13. ^ Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. PMC 3338724 可免费查阅. PMID 22558135. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. 
  14. ^ Mazza, PPA; Martini, F; Sala, B; Magi, M; Colombini, MP; Giachi, G; Landucci, F; Lemorini, C; Modugno, F; Ribechini, E. A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bed. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2006, 33 (9): 1310. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.006. 
  15. ^ Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2011 [2017-10-02]. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq234. 
  16. ^ Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans. doi:10.1126/science.1175028. 
  17. ^ Middle Paleolithic Shell Beads in Israel and Algeria. Science. 2006 [2017-10-02]. doi:10.1126/science.1128139. 
  18. ^ Uniquely Human page 163. Books.google.com. [2011-03-25]. 
  19. ^ Yellen, JE; AS Brooks; E Cornelissen; MJ Mehlman; K Stewart. A middle stone age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science. 28 April 1995, 268 (5210): 553–556. Bibcode:1995Sci...268..553Y. PMID 7725100. doi:10.1126/science.7725100. 
  20. ^ Wadley, L; Sievers, C; Bamford, M; Goldberg, P; Berna, F; Miller, C. Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa. Science. 2011, 334 (6061): 1388–1391. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1388W. PMID 22158814. doi:10.1126/science.1213317. 
  21. ^ Backwell, L; Errico, F; Wadley, L. Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2008, 35: 1566–1580. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006. 
  22. ^ Jennifer Viegas. Early Weapon Evidence Reveals Bloody Past. Discovery News. 31 March 2008 [2015-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-15）. 
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参考文献

  • 艾萨克·阿西莫夫. 《阿西莫夫的科学与发现年表（Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery）》. Harper & Row. 1989年. ISBN 0-06-015612-0. 
  • 爱德华·德博诺. 《Eureka! An Illustrated History of Inventions from the Wheel to the Computer》. Thames & Hudson. 1974年. 
  • John Gowlett. 《Ascent to Civilization"》. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1992年. ISBN 0-07-544312-0. 
  • Richard Platt. 《Eureka!: Great Inventions and How They Happened》. 2003年. 

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