达尼语支
外观
(重定向自塔尼語支)
达尼语支 | |
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崩尼-博嘎尔语 | |
地理分佈 | 喜马拉雅山东麓 |
谱系学分类 | 漢藏語系
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分支 |
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语言代码 | |
ISO 639-5 | 無 |
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ISO 639-6 | ainr |
达尼语支(Tani languages),又称米里语支、崩尼-博嘎尔语,是藏缅语族的一個支系,分布在喜马拉雅山东麓,有60万人使用。是认阿巴达尼爲老祖的珞巴族所通用的語言(方言族)或語支(語言族)。使用这些语言的人分成很多部落,他們互相之間或不能通話,或需經磨合后才能通話,所以语言学家多把這些方言當作不同的語言。
部落劃分
[编辑]目前对达尼语支语言的研究还不够充分。Van Driem参考部落的划分给出如下的分类:
- Milang
- 巴达姆:巴达姆、民荣、希蒙
- 尼西:尼西、德根、崩尼、纳、尼苏(“山地米里”)
- 迦龙:迦龙、Pailibo、Ramo、博嘎尔
- 登尼语(Tanii)(或“阿帕塔尼语”)
达尼语支和东边的义都-达让语支有一些相似之处,但这些相似点可能是长期接触的结果。
语音
[编辑]有22个单辅音,有清浊对立的塞音和塞擦音,无送气音,及3个颚化的唇音。50个韵母,其中单元音14个,有长短之分,有鼻音、塞音和颤音韵尾。音节结构比较简单。无声调。
词汇
[编辑]词汇多为多音节词,有大量构词词头。有较多藏语借词和一定数量的汉语借词。
语法
[编辑]动词的体等语法意义主要通过虚词和语序表达。人称代词的格用词根屈折变化表达。
參考文獻
[编辑]- Bradley, David, 1997. "Tibeto-Burman languages and classification." In David Bradley, ed. Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas. Canberra, Australian National University Press: 1–72. ISBN 978-0-85883-456-9.
- James A. Matisoff, 2003. The Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction. Berkeley, University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09843-5.
- van Driem, George, 2001. Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12062-4.
- Post, Mark, 2006. "Compounding and the structure of the Tani lexicon (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 29 (1): 41–60.
- Post, Mark, 2011. "Isolate substrates, creolization and the internal diversity of Tibeto-Burman." Workshop on The Roots of Linguistic Diversity. The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Australia, June 9–10.
- Post, Mark, 2012. "The language, culture, environment and origins of Proto-Tani speakers: What is knowable, and what is not (yet)." In T. Huber and S. Blackburn, Eds. Origins and Migrations in the Extended Eastern Himalayas. Leiden, Brill: 161–194. ISBN 978-90-04-22691-3.
- Post, Mark W. and Roger Blench, 2011. "Siangic: A new language phylum in North East India (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." 6th International Conference of the North East Indian Linguistics Society, Tezpur University, Assam, India, January 29 – February 2.
- Sun, Tianshin Jackson, 1993. A Historical–Comparative Study of the Tani (Mirish) Branch in Tibeto-Burman. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Berkeley, University of California PhD Dissertation.
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